A Commonplace Book


"For both the Acheans and Vikings, piracy was an honorable profession in the practice of which a young man acquired the advantages of a liberal education."

-Stuart Gilbert
James Joyce's Ulysses


___________________

"There are three 'I's in every cycle. The 'innovator,' that's the first 'I.' After the innovator comes the 'imitator.' And after the imitator in the cycle comes the idiot. Which makes way for an innovator again."

-Warren Edward Buffett


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"Reading made Don Quixote a gentleman. Believing what he read made him mad."

-George Bernard Shaw


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"If you don't know who you are, the stock market is an expensive place to find out."

-"Adam Smith" (nom de plume of George Gilder)
The Money Game
New York, 1967.


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"Press on. Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. Talent will not; nothing in the world is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is a proverb. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent."


-Calvin Coolidge


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  • 25 minutes on the elliptical "Cross Trainer," Level 12, 3.57 miles, maximum pulse 157 (RPMs @ ~61 ) [ new P.B. 3/14/10 ]
    3.67 miles { 23 minutes at Level 12 with 2-minute cool-down at Level 2 } [ new P.B. 4/7/10 ]
  • 15 reps lifting 100 pounds on the lat bar
  • 15 reps of knee curls lifting 90 pounds
  • 15 reps bench pressing 90 pounds
  • 15 reps lifting 90 pounds on the lat bar
  • 15 reps of knee curls lifting 90 pounds
  • 15 reps bench pressing 90 pounds
  • 15 overhand arm curls of 40 pounds
  • 15 underhand arm curls of 40 pounds
  • 25 reps of 100 pounds of overhead shoulder presses
  • 1 minute of outstretched arms holding 5 pounds in each hand outstretched horizontally
  • 75 crunches holding 10 pounds on chest
  • 2,000 meters of rowing in 9 minutes, 30 seconds
  • 5 minutes on the elliptical "Cross Trainer," alternating forward and reverse motion, Level 2, 0.60 miles
Total elapsed time: 58 minutes


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“It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat.”


-Theodore Roosevelt


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"An immoderate compassion is like a taste for whiskey."

-Author unknown






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"So he had grown rich at last, and thought to transmit to his only son all the cut-and-dried experience which he himself had purchased at the price of his lost illusions; a noble last illusion of age."

-Honoré de Balzac




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"Good walls make good neighbors."

-Robert Frost
Mending Fences, 1914




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"Desiderata"


Go placidly amid the noise and haste, and remember what peace there maybe in silence. As far as possible without surrender, be on good terms with all persons. Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others, even the dull and the ignorant; they too have their story. Avoid loud and aggressive persons, they are vexations to the spirit. If you compare yourself with others, you may become vain and bitter; for always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself. Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep interested in your own career, however humble; it is a real possession in the changing fortunes of time. Exercise caution in your business affairs; for the world is full of trickery. But let this not blind you to what virtue there is; many persons strive for high ideals; and everywhere life is full of heroism. Be yourself. Especially, do not feign affection. Neither be cynical about love; for in the face of all aridity and disenchantment it is perennial as the grass. Take kindly the counsel of years, gracefully surrendering the things of youth. Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune. But do not distress yourself with imaginings. Many fears are born of fatigue and loneliness. Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You are a child of the universe, no less than the trees and the stars; you have a right to be here. And, whether it is clear to you or not, no doubt the universe is unfolding as it should. Therefore, be at peace with god, whatever you conceive him to be, and whatever your labors and aspirations, in the noisy confusion of life keep peace with your soul. With all its sham, drudgery and broken dreams, it is still a beautiful world. Be careful. Strive to be happy.



-Max Ehrmann
There's an interesting story behind the correct attribution of authorship:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderata

This fantastic piece of wisdom was given to me as a youth; I've never forgotten it— frequently repeating the opening line and, in times of angst, re-reading it.





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"Age and deception will always defeat youth and skill."

-Shelby Cullom Davis




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"There are millions of wildebeests on the African plain.
Not one of them will die of old age."


-Author unknown
(I managed to catch the line from the narration of an episode of PBS's Nature series; it caught my ear)




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"There are no atheists in foxholes."

-Author unknown


If you wish to take issue with Blaise Pascal's Wager, be my guest.

"If God is not, whether you lead your life piously or sinfully is immaterial. But suppose that God is. Then if you bet against the existence of God by refusing to live a life of piety and sacraments you run the risk of eternal damnation; the winner of the bet that God exists has the possibility of salvation. As salvation is clearly preferable to eternal damnation, the correct decision is to act on the basis that God is. 'Which way should we incline?' The answer was obvious to Pascal."
- Peter L. Bernstein
Against The Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk, New York, 1996.



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"In providing for the administration of the affairs of Britain, the Plantagenets followed the simple 'hungry falcon' theories laid down long before Henry's guidance by Matilda Empress— to place relatively obscure men in seats of responsibility where their ambitions, their dependence upon bounty, and their gratitude, in various combinations, could be expected to keep them vigilant and honest.

He was a 'hungry falcon' with a fanatical zeal for his king and such pride of office as only a parvenu could feel."


-Amy Kelly
Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings.
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1950.




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"There are old pilots and there are bold pilots— but there are no old, bold pilots."

-A bit of aviation wisdom,
author not known.




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"Seek truth from facts."

-Mao Zedong
( formerly known as Mao Tsetung )




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"He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief."

-Francis Bacon




_______________________



Derivatives

Charlie and I are of one mind in how we feel about derivatives and the trading activities that go with them: We view them as time bombs, both for the parties that deal in them and the economic system.

Having delivered that thought, which I’ll get back to, let me retreat to explaining derivatives, though the explanation must be general because the word covers an extraordinarily wide range of financial contracts. Essentially, these instruments call for money to change hands at some future date, with the amount to be determined by one or more reference items, such as interest rates, stock prices or currency values. If, for example, you are either long or short an S&P 500 futures contract, you are a party to a very simple derivatives transaction – with your gain or loss derived from movements in the index. Derivatives contracts are of varying duration (running sometimes to 20 or more years) and their value is often tied to several variables.

Unless derivatives contracts are collateralized or guaranteed, their ultimate value also depends on the creditworthiness of the counterparties to them. In the meantime, though, before a contract is settled, the counterparties record profits and losses – often huge in amount – in their current earnings statements without so much as a penny changing hands.

The range of derivatives contracts is limited only by the imagination of man (or sometimes, so it seems, madmen). At Enron, for example, newsprint and broadband derivatives, due to be settled many years in the future, were put on the books. Or say you want to write a contract speculating on the number of twins to be born in Nebraska in 2020. No problem – at a price, you will easily find an obliging counterparty.

When we purchased Gen Re, it came with General Re Securities, a derivatives dealer that Charlie and I didn’t want, judging it to be dangerous. We failed in our attempts to sell the operation, however, and are now terminating it.

But closing down a derivatives business is easier said than done. It will be a great many years before we are totally out of this operation (though we reduce our exposure daily). In fact, the reinsurance and derivatives businesses are similar: Like Hell, both are easy to enter and almost impossible to exit. In either industry, once you write a contract – which may require a large payment decades later – you are usually stuck with it. True, there are methods by which the risk can be laid off with others. But most strategies of that kind leave you with residual liability.

Another commonality of reinsurance and derivatives is that both generate reported earnings that are often wildly overstated. That’s true because today’s earnings are in a significant way based on estimates whose inaccuracy may not be exposed for many years.

Errors will usually be honest, reflecting only the human tendency to take an optimistic view of one’s commitments. But the parties to derivatives also have enormous incentives to cheat in accounting for them. Those who trade derivatives are usually paid (in whole or part) on “earnings” calculated by mark-to-market accounting. But often there is no real market (think about our contract involving twins) and “mark-to-model” is utilized. This substitution can bring on large-scale mischief. As a general rule, contracts involving multiple reference items and distant settlement dates increase the opportunities for counterparties to use fanciful assumptions. In the twins scenario, for example, the two parties to the contract might well use differing models allowing both to show substantial profits for many years. In extreme cases, mark-to-model degenerates into what I would call mark-to-myth.

Of course, both internal and outside auditors review the numbers, but that’s no easy job. For example, General Re Securities at yearend (after ten months of winding down its operation) had 14,384 contracts outstanding, involving 672 counterparties around the world. Each contract had a plus or minus value derived from one or more reference items, including some of mind-boggling complexity. Valuing a portfolio like that, expert auditors could easily and honestly have widely varying opinions.

The valuation problem is far from academic: In recent years, some huge-scale frauds and near-frauds have been facilitated by derivatives trades. In the energy and electric utility sectors, for example, companies used derivatives and trading activities to report great “earnings” – until the roof fell in when they actually tried to convert the derivatives-related receivables on their balance sheets into cash. “Mark-to-market” then turned out to be truly “mark-to-myth.”

I can assure you that the marking errors in the derivatives business have not been symmetrical. Almost invariably, they have favored either the trader who was eyeing a multi-million dollar bonus or the CEO who wanted to report impressive “earnings” (or both). The bonuses were paid, and the CEO profited from his options. Only much later did shareholders learn that the reported earnings were a sham.

Another problem about derivatives is that they can exacerbate trouble that a corporation has run into for completely unrelated reasons. This pile-on effect occurs because many derivatives contracts require that a company suffering a credit downgrade immediately supply collateral to counterparties. Imagine, then, that a company is downgraded because of general adversity and that its derivatives instantly kick in with their requirement, imposing an unexpected and enormous demand for cash collateral on the company. The need to meet this demand can then throw the company into a liquidity crisis that may, in some cases, trigger still more downgrades. It all becomes a spiral that can lead to a corporate meltdown.

Derivatives also create a daisy-chain risk that is akin to the risk run by insurers or reinsurers that lay off much of their business with others. In both cases, huge receivables from many counterparties tend to build up over time. (At Gen Re Securities, we still have $6.5 billion of receivables, though we’ve been in a liquidation mode for nearly a year.) A participant may see himself as prudent, believing his large credit exposures to be diversified and therefore not dangerous. Under certain circumstances, though, an exogenous event that causes the receivable from Company A to go bad will also affect those from Companies B through Z. History teaches us that a crisis often causes problems to correlate in a manner undreamed of in more tranquil times.

In banking, the recognition of a “linkage” problem was one of the reasons for the formation of the Federal Reserve System. Before the Fed was established, the failure of weak banks would sometimes put sudden and unanticipated liquidity demands on previously-strong banks, causing them to fail in turn. The Fed now insulates the strong from the troubles of the weak. But there is no central bank assigned to the job of preventing the dominoes toppling in insurance or derivatives. In these industries, firms that are fundamentally solid can become troubled simply because of the travails of other firms further down the chain. When a “chain reaction” threat exists within an industry, it pays to minimize links of any kind. That’s how we conduct our reinsurance business, and it’s one reason we are exiting derivatives.

Many people argue that derivatives reduce systemic problems, in that participants who can’t bear certain risks are able to transfer them to stronger hands. These people believe that derivatives act to stabilize the economy, facilitate trade, and eliminate bumps for individual participants. And, on a micro level, what they say is often true. Indeed, at Berkshire, I sometimes engage in large-scale derivatives transactions in order to facilitate certain investment strategies.

Charlie and I believe, however, that the macro picture is dangerous and getting more so. Large amounts of risk, particularly credit risk, have become concentrated in the hands of relatively few derivatives dealers, who in addition trade extensively with one other. The troubles of one could quickly infect the others. On top of that, these dealers are owed huge amounts by non-dealer counterparties. Some of these counterparties, as I’ve mentioned, are linked in ways that could cause them to contemporaneously run into a problem because of a single event (such as the implosion of the telecom industry or the precipitous decline in the value of merchant power projects). Linkage, when it suddenly surfaces, can trigger serious systemic problems.

Indeed, in 1998, the leveraged and derivatives-heavy activities of a single hedge fund, Long-Term Capital Management, caused the Federal Reserve anxieties so severe that it hastily orchestrated a rescue effort. In later Congressional testimony, Fed officials acknowledged that, had they not intervened, the outstanding trades of LTCM – a firm unknown to the general public and employing only a few hundred people – could well have posed a serious threat to the stability of American markets. In other words, the Fed acted because its leaders were fearful of what might have happened to other financial institutions had the LTCM domino toppled. And this affair, though it paralyzed many parts of the fixed-income market for weeks, was far from a worst-case scenario.

One of the derivatives instruments that LTCM used was total-return swaps, contracts that facilitate 100% leverage in various markets, including stocks. For example, Party A to a contract, usually a bank, puts up all of the money for the purchase of a stock while Party B, without putting up any capital, agrees that at a future date it will receive any gain or pay any loss that the bank realizes.

Total-return swaps of this type make a joke of margin requirements. Beyond that, other types of derivatives severely curtail the ability of regulators to curb leverage and generally get their arms around the risk profiles of banks, insurers and other financial institutions. Similarly, even experienced investors and analysts encounter major problems in analyzing the financial condition of firms that are heavily involved with derivatives contracts. When Charlie and I finish reading the long footnotes detailing the derivatives activities of major banks, the only thing we understand is that we don’t understand how much risk the institution is running.

The derivatives genie is now well out of the bottle, and these instruments will almost certainly multiply in variety and number until some event makes their toxicity clear. Knowledge of how dangerous they are has already permeated the electricity and gas businesses, in which the eruption of major troubles caused the use of derivatives to diminish dramatically. Elsewhere, however, the derivatives business continues to expand unchecked. Central banks and governments have so far found no effective way to control, or even monitor, the risks posed by these contracts.

Charlie and I believe Berkshire should be a fortress of financial strength – for the sake of our owners, creditors, policyholders and employees. We try to be alert to any sort of megacatastrophe risk, and that posture may make us unduly apprehensive about the burgeoning quantities of long-term derivatives contracts and the massive amount of uncollateralized receivables that are growing alongside. In our view, however, derivatives are financial weapons of mass destruction, carrying dangers that, while now latent, are potentially lethal…



-Warren E. Buffett © 2003
An Excerpt from the 2002 Annual Report of Berkshire Hathaway Corporation




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"I’d rather lose half my shareholders, than half my shareholders’ money."

-Jean-Marie Eveillard




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"If nominated, I will not run. If elected, I will not serve."

-William Tecumseh Sherman




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"Maggiore fretta. Minore atto."

-Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Tom Sawyer's Comrade)
(The motto appearing on the illustration of the slave Jim's coat-of-arms,
translation: "The more haste, the less speed.")
Illustration by E. W. Kemble.
(The aphorism predates Twain)




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"It is a good thing for an uneducated man to read books of quotations. Bartlett's Familiar Quotations is an admirable work, and I studied it intently. The quotations when engraved upon the memory give you good thoughts. They also make you anxious to read the authors and look for more."

-Winston Spencer Churchill
A Roving Commission. Oxford, 1930.




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Education insisted on finding a moral foundation for robbery. He could hope to begin life in the character of no animal more moral than a monkey unless he could satisfy himself when and why robbery and murder were a virtue and duty. Education founded on mere self-interest was merely Guelf and Ghibelline over again— Machiavelli translated into American.


-Henry Adams
The Education of Henry Adams
Library of America edition, New York. 1983.




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"A simple law of economics (that can't be repealed):

Artificially low prices create shortages;
artificially high prices create surpluses.

Make health care so cheap that everybody has it: you get shortages of health care.
Pay too much for laziness: you get surpluses of laziness."


-"johnnyironboard" (an Internet chatroom nom de plume)




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"The inevitable hypocrisy, which is associated with all the collective activities of the human race, springs chiefly from this source: that individuals have a moral code which make the actions of collective man an outrage to their conscious. They therefore invent romantic and moral interpretations of the real facts, preferring to obscure rather than reveal the true character of their collective behavior. Sometimes they are as anxious to offer moral justifications for the brutalities from which they suffer as for those which they commit. The fact that the hypocrisy of man's group behavior... expresses itself not only in terms of self-justification but in terms of moral justification of human behavior in general, symbolizes one of the tragedies of the human spirit: its inability to conform its collective life to its individual ideals. As individuals, men believe they ought to love and serve each other and establish justice between each other. As racial, economic and national groups they take for themselves, whatever their power can command."

-Reinhold Niebuhr




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"The trouble with money is that we live in a country where it is greatly overvalued."

-H. L. Mencken




_______________________


"A schoolteacher is a man employed to tell lies to little boys."

-Henry Adams
The Education of Henry Adams.
Library of America edition, New York. 1983.




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"Too often, on Wall Street, the one with the money ends up with the experience and the one with the experience ends up with the money."

-Warren Edward Buffett




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"If I have seen further (than Descartes and you), it is only because I have been standing on the shoulders of Giants."

-Sir Isaac Newton




_______________________


"In medio tutissimus ibis.''

-Publius Ovidius Naso
"Ovid"




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"To get along..., go along.''

-Sam Rayburn
( Speaker of The House of Representatives, 1940-47, 1949-53, 1955-61 )


( It will surprise no one if I remark that this oft-quoted aphorism by "Mr. Sam" does not appear to me to be either wise or very good advice ).


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"But how shall we reach our long-promised homes without encountering Cape Horn? By what possibility avoid it? And though some ships have weathered it without these perils, yet by far the greater part must encounter them. Lucky it is that it comes about midway in the homeward-bound passage, so that sailors have time to prepare for it, and time to recover from it after it is astern.

But, sailor or landsman, there is some sort of Cape Horn for all. Boys! beware of it; prepare for it in time. Grey-beards! thank God it is passed. And ye lucky livers, to whom, by some rare fatality, your Cape Horns are placid as Lake Lemans, flatter not yourselves that good luck is judgement and discretion; for all the yolk in your eggs, you might have foundered and gone down, had the Spirit of the Cape said the word."


-Herman Melville
White Jacket.
Library of America edition, New York, 1983.




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"Never take the same hill twice.''

-U.S. Marine Corps maxim.





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"It is a commonplace observation that work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion."


-C. Northcote Parkinson





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"(1) The world is more complicated than most of our theories make it out to be.

(2) Ignorance is no excuse.

(3) Never decide to buy something while listening to the salesman.

(4) Most problems have either many answers or no answer. Only a few problems have a single answer.

(5) Most general statements are false, including this one.

(6) An exception TESTS a rule; it NEVER PROVES it.

(7) The moment you have worked out an answer, start checking it— it probably isn't right.

(8) If there is an opportunity to make a mistake, sooner or later the mistake will be made.

(9) Check the answer you have worked out once more— before you tell it to anybody."


-Edmund C. Berkeley





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"Persons obtaining important commands by application or political influence are apt to keep a written record of complaints and predictions of defeat, which are shown in the case of disaster. Somebody must be responsible for their failures.''

-Ulysses Simpson Grant.
Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant.
Library of America edition, New York, 1990.





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"Most people, in fact, will not take trouble in finding out the truth, but are much more inclined to accept the first story they hear.''

-Thucydides
( translation by Rex Warner )
History of The Peloponnesian War.
Penguin Classics edition, New York, 1988.





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"Ben Graham, my friend and teacher, long ago described the mental attitude toward market fluctuations that I believe to be most conducive to investment success. He said that you should imagine market quotations as coming from a remarkably accommodating fellow named Mr. Market who is your partner in a private business. Without fail, Mr. Market appears daily and names a price at which he will either buy your interest or sell you his.

Even though the business that the two of you own may have economic characteristics that are stable, Mr. Market's quotations will be anything but. For, sad to say, the poor fellow has incurable emotional problems. At times he feels euphoric and can see only the favorable factors affecting the business. When in that mood, he names a very high buy-sell price because he fears that you will snap up his interest and rob him of imminent gains. At other times he is depressed and can see nothing but trouble ahead for both the business and the world. On these occasions he will name a very low price, since he is terrified that you will unload your interest on him.

Mr. Market has another endearing characteristic: He doesn't mind being ignored. If his quotation is uninteresting to you today, he will be back with a new one tomorrow. Transactions are strictly at your option. Under these conditions, the more manic-depressive his behavior, the better for you.

But, like Cinderella at the ball, you must heed one warning or everything will turn into pumpkins and mice: Mr. Market is there to serve you, not to guide you. It is his pocketbook, not his wisdom, that you will find useful. If he shows up some day in a particularly foolish mood, you are free to either ignore him or to take advantage of him, but it will be disastrous if you fall under his influence. Indeed, if you aren't certain that you understand and can value your business far better than Mr. Market, you don't belong in the game. As they say in poker, "If you've been in the game 30 minutes and you don't know who the patsy is, you're the patsy."

Ben's Mr. Market allegory may seem out-of-date in today's investment world, in which most professionals and academicians talk of efficient markets, dynamic hedging and betas. Their interest in such matters is understandable, since techniques shrouded in mystery clearly have value to the purveyor of investment advice. After all, what witch doctor has ever achieved fame and fortune by simply advising "Take two aspirins?"

The value of market esoterica to the consumer of investment advice is a different story. In my opinion, investment success will not be produced by arcane formulae, computer programs or signals flashed by the price behavior of stocks and markets. Rather an investor will succeed by coupling good business judgment with an ability to insulate his thoughts and behavior from the super-contagious emotions that swirl about the marketplace. In my own efforts to stay insulated, I have found it highly useful to keep Ben's Mr. Market concept firmly in mind.

Following Ben's teachings, Charlie and I let our marketable equities tell us by their operating results - not by their daily, or even yearly, price quotations— whether our investments are successful. The market may ignore business success for a while, but eventually will confirm it. As Ben said: "In the short run, the market is a voting machine but in the long run it is a weighing machine." The speed at which a business's success is recognized, furthermore, is not that important as long as the company's intrinsic value is increasing at a satisfactory rate. In fact, delayed recognition can be an advantage: It may give us the chance to buy more of a good thing at a bargain price.

Sometimes, of course, the market may judge a business to be more valuable than the underlying facts would indicate it is. In such a case, we will sell our holdings. Sometimes, also, we will sell a security that is fairly valued or even undervalued because we require funds for a still more undervalued investment or one we believe we understand better.

We need to emphasize, however, that we do not sell holdings just because they have appreciated or because we have held them for a long time. (Of Wall Street maxims the most foolish may be "You can't go broke taking a profit.") We are quite content to hold any security indefinitely, so long as the prospective return on equity capital of the underlying business is satisfactory, management is competent and honest, and the market does not overvalue the business...”


-Warren Edward Buffett
An excerpt from the 1987 Annual Report of Berkshire Hathaway Corporation.
© Warren E. Buffett, 1987.





_______________________


"It's only when the tide goes out that we find out who's been swimming naked.''

-Warren Edward Buffett





_______________________


"I think this is a case where Freddie Mac (FRE) and Fannie Mae (FNM) are fundamentally sound. They're not in danger of going under…I think they are in good shape going forward.''

—Barney Frank (D-Mass.),
House Financial Services Committee Chairman,
July 14, 2008.
( Two months later, the government forced the mortgage giants into conservatorships and pledged to invest up to $100 billion in each. )






_______________________


"Anyone who cannot cope with mathematics is not fully human. At best he is a tolerable subhuman who has learned to wear shoes, bathe and not make messes in the house.''

-Robert A. Heinlein
"The Notebooks of Lazarus Long"
Time Enough For Love





_______________________


"A human being should be able to change a diaper, plan an invasion, butcher a hog, conn a ship, design a building, write a sonnet, balance accounts, build a wall, set a bone, comfort the dying, take orders, give orders, cooperate, act alone, solve equations, analyze a new problem, pitch manure, program a computer, cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently, die gallantly. Specialization is for insects.''

-Robert A. Heinlein
"The Notebooks of Lazarus Long"
Time Enough For Love





_______________________


"Do not handicap your children by making their lives easy.''

-Robert A. Heinlein
"The Notebooks of Lazarus Long"
Time Enough For Love





_______________________




"The nail that sticks out gets hammered in.''

-Japanese aphorism





_______________________


"A bureaucrat has no upside.''

-A piece of wisdom contained in a well-known aphorism.





_______________________


"He has no enemies but his friends dislike him greatly.''

-Oscar Wilde





_______________________


"Let him carry the burden of responsibility of the highest of expectations for the next 20, 30, 50 years or for the rest of his life and let me tell you, it’s a hard life.''

-Mark Spitz





_______________________


"A nightmare scenario would be created if alternative energy supplies fail to meet overly optimistic expectations, while traditional energy suppliers scale back investment due to expectations of declining demand for their products.''

-Ali al-Naimi





_______________________


"Climb high, climb far.
Your goal the sky, your aim the star.''


-Author not known





_______________________


"The selling personality is different from the analytical personality.''

-John Train





________________________


"More instantaneous information with which to act stupidly.''

-John B. Neff
( commenting on the increased availability of real time news, the Internet and computer-driven investment analysis )





_______________________


"Judge Judy to prostitute : 'So when did you realize you were raped?'

Prostitute, wiping away tears: 'When the check bounced.' ''


-As above.





_______________________


"At the extremes, the market is not a random walk. At the extremes, the market is more likely to destroy fortunes than to create them.''

-Peter L. Bernstein
Against The Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk
New York, 1996





_______________________


"With freedom comes responsibility.''

-John W. Gardner






_______________________


"Ya gotta be careful if you don't know where you're going 'cause you might not get there.''

-Yogi Berra






_______________________


"Dans ce pays-ci, il est bon de tuer de temps en temps un amiral pour encourager les autres.''

( In this country, it is necessary from time to time to shoot an admiral in order to encourage the others )


-Voltaire
Candide






_______________________


"Control is not leadership; management is not leadership; leadership is leadership. If you seek to lead, invest at least 50% of your time leading yourself— your own purpose, ethics, principles, motivation, conduct. Invest at least 20% leading those with authority over you and 15% leading your peers. If you don't understand that you work for your mislabeled 'subordinates,' then you know nothing of leadership. You know only tyranny.''

-Dee Hock
( founder and one-time CEO of VISA )






_______________________


"Why waste a perfectly good crisis?''

-Rahm Emanuel







_______________________


"Shut up and die like an aviator.''

-Tom Wolfe
The Right Stuff
New York, 1979





_______________________


"In the factory, we make cosmetics. In the store, we sell hope.''

-Charles Revson
( founder of Revlon )







_______________________


"The urge to save humanity is almost always a false front for the urge to rule."

-H. L. Mencken






_______________________


"The whole idea behind a democracy is that the passions of the ignorant should dictate policy."

-"Rupert von Keuhnelt"
( I do not know if that is a nom de internet or the gentlemen's real name )





____________________________


"Things are in the saddle and ride mankind."

-Ralph Waldo Emerson





_______________________

[ written as he was flying over the Sahara ]

"It is remarkable to think that these treeless desert lands were, half a million years ago, humid tropical forest lands, with now-extinct primates and a rich diversity of plants and animals— a far cry from the impoverished biota that populates the interior of northwestern Africa today.

If the reader is wondering what happened to the rainforest, the unsurprising answer is... global climate change. It is not a new phenomenon: climate change is the rule, not the exception. And climate change was the rule long before humankind came to dominate our earth or to infuse our atmosphere with greenhouse gases. Climate change, extinction, and speciation have been acting in concert for many millenia. Past climate changes in the climate of northern Africa certainly caused local extinction pulses. These have been well documented by paleontologist Scott Wing, who has written of the Koobi Fora flora and fauna— a now vanished humid tropical world in northern Africa."


Bruce M. Beehler, Ph.D.
"Lost Worlds: Adventures In The Tropical Rainforest"
p. 201
Yale University Press
New Haven, 2008

( Dr. Beehler is vice-president of Conservation International )


_______________________


" 'I proceed to reveal,' the Colonel said. 'Listen carefully daughter. This is the Supreme Secret. Listen. Love is love and fun is fun. But it is always so quiet when the goldfish die.' "

-Ernest Hemingway
Across The River and Into The Trees





_______________________


“Girls had it better from the beginning, don’t kid yourself. They were allowed to play in the house, where the books were and the adults, and boys were sent outdoors like livestock. Boys were noisy and rough, and girls were nice, so they got to stay and we had to go. Boys ran around in the yard with toy guns going kksshh-kksshh, fighting wars for made-up reasons and arguing about who was dead, while girls stayed inside and played with dolls, creating complex family groups and learning to solve problems through negotiation and role-playing. Which gender is better equipped, on the whole, to live an adult life, would you guess? (APPLAUSE, SHOUTS) Is there any doubt about this? Is it even close?”

-Garrison Keillor
The Book of Guys





_______________________


"The only weapons she carried were the kind issued to all women."

-Guy Noir (Garrison Keillor)





_______________________


"If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties."

-Sir Francis Bacon





_______________________


"...I have a theory that people who find themselves running major-league companies are real organization-management types who focus on what they are doing this quarter or this annual budget. They are somewhat impatient, and focused on the present. Seeing these things [ financial crises ] requires more people with a historical perspective who are more thoughtful and more right-brained — but we end up with an army of left-brained immediate doers.

So it’s more or less guaranteed that every time we get an outlying, obscure event that has never happened before in history, they are always going to miss it. And the three or four-dozen-odd characters screaming about it are always going to be ignored. . . .

So we kept putting organization people — people who can influence and persuade and cajole — into top jobs that once-in-a-blue-moon take great creativity and historical insight. But they don’t have those skills."


-Jeremy Grantham





_______________________




"There are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don’t know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don’t know we don’t know."


-Donald Rumsfeld





_______________________




"Burr was talking about justice. 'When I get to run the world,' he said comfortably to the steaming lake, 'I'm going to hold the Nuremburg Trials Part Two. I'm going to get all the arms dealers and shit scientists, and all the smooth salesmen who push the crazies one step further than they thought of going, because it's good for business, and all the politicians and the lawyers and accountants and bankers, and I'm going to put them in the dock to answer for their lives. And you know what they'll say? 'If we hadn't done it someone else would have.' And you know what I'll say? I'll say, 'Oh, I see. And if you hadn't raped the girl some other fellow would have raped her. And that's your justification for rape. Noted.' Then I'd napalm the lot of them. Fizz."


-John le Carré
The Night Manager





_______________________





"Universal suffrage can only mean in plain English the government of ignorance and vice."


-Charles Francis Adams
North American Review, July 1869.
As quoted by T. J. Stiles in
Custer's Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America
New York, N.Y. 2015




_______________________



"Anyone who says you should be in 'growth' or 'value' doesn't understand investing. I cringe when I hear it; it just doesn't make any sense. Without value there is no growth. Without growth, there is no value."


-Warren E. Buffett




_______________________
 
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Enantiodromia



Bill Miller used it in a letter to shareholders earlier this year. It's a very important concept to those of us concerned with the behavior of markets. "Trees don't grow to the sky." You could look it up!

I freely grant that it's beyond obscure and (god knows) it can't be described as underused— hell, I've never seen it before! Nonetheless, it's a word worth squirreling away to use on just the right occasion.

 
As a cow gives milk and the stars shine:

2870730973_c1b29dbfc9_o.jpg




The alternative [ to a free market system ] is that the Third Deputy Assistant to the Fifth Director of the Second Minister of the Secretary of The Bureau of Snoofles in The Department of Horse Supplies decides that snoofles are no longer a state priority. As a result, the snoofle factory is ordered to reduce their production. Since the price of snoofles cannot be permitted to vary and the underlying demand for snoofles is unchanged, block-long lines of horses at the snoofle store are subsequently the norm each and every day.

It turns out that the Third Deputy Assistant to the Fifth Director of the Second Minister of The Secretary of The Bureau of Snoofles in The Department of Horse Supplies served his apprenticeship in The Directorate of Primate Affairs and had never previously seen a snoofle in his life. His appointment as Third Deputy Assistant to the Fifth Director of the Second Minister of the Secretary of The Bureau of Snoofles may have been related to the fact that his sister-in-law's father is the personal assistant to the Second Minister of the Secretary of The Bureau of Snoofles.

Yes, it is always possible to find examples where any system is less than perfect. Is this where I trot out Winston Churchill's summary judgment of democracy?


 
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"For every complex human problem, there is a well-known solution— one that is neat, simple and wrong."

-H. L. Mencken


_____________________


"When I was a kid, I was the victim of the most vicious propaganda. People told me that money wasn't everything and I believed it. Then I found out that the people that were telling me that money wasn't everything were the people who had a lot of money. Now there are two ways you can get money. You can steal it, or you can marry it."

-Lt. Nicholas Holden
( Tony Curtis )
"Operation Petticoat" ( 1959 )
Screenplay by Paul King and Joseph Stone



_____________________


"This above all: to thine own self be true,
And it must follow, as the night the day,
Thou canst not then be false to any man."


-William Shakespeare
Hamlet
Act I,
Scene iii,
Line 78.



______________________


"All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players"


-William Shakespeare
As You Like It
Act II,
Scene vii,
Line 143 (Jacques).



______________________



"If you tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything."

-Samuel L. Clemens ( "Mark Twain" )
The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson And the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins
Hartford, Connecticut. 1894.



______________________

Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day
To the last syllable of recorded time,
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out brief candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more; it is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.


-William Shakespeare
Macbeth
Act V
Scene v
Lines 21-30


_______________________

Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall...


-William Shakespeare
Measure For Measure
Act II
Scene i
Line 38


________________________


They say best men are moulded out of faults;
And, for the most, become much more the better
For being a little bad.


-William Shakespeare
Measure For Measure
Act V
Scene i
Line 440


_______________________


"Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown."

-William Shakespeare
King Henry IV, Part II
Act III
scene i,
line 31.




________________________


"At the end of the fight
is a tombstone white,
with the name of the late deceased,
And the epitaph drear:
A fool lies here
who tried to hustle the East.''


-Rudyard Kipling
The Naulahka (1892)





_______________________

"If..."


If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or being hated don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dream— and not make your dreams your master;
If you can think— and not make thoughts your aim,
If you can meet Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two imposters just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on!"

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings— nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And— what's more— you'll be a Man, my son!

-Rudyard Kipling





_______________________


"... a society in which no one fears the consequences of risk-taking may prove fertile ground for antisocial behavior... Wherever insurance can be had, moral hazard— the temptation to cheat— will be present."

-Kenneth J. Arrow


_____________________


Daryl Van Horn ( Jack Nicholson ):

Do you think God knew what He was doing when He created woman? Huh? No shit. I really wanna know. Or do you think it was another one of His minor mistakes like tidal waves, earthquakes, FLOODS? You think women are like that? S'matter? You don't think God makes mistakes? Of course He does. We ALL make mistakes. Of course, when WE make mistakes they call it evil. When GOD makes mistakes, they call it... nature. So whaddya think? Women... a mistake... or DID HE DO IT TO US ON PURPOSE?

The Witches of Eastwick
Novel by John Updike
Screenplay by Michael Cristofer


_________________________
 
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Ethics in business (and life, for that matter) is a bitch and I'll be the first to admit that I haven't got all the answers. I don't seek to impose my own fairly rigid standards on others— as Francis Bacon put it, "He that hath wife and child hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief." In other words, those who get their nuts in a vice are likely to behave accordingly. On the other hand, if I suspect a person of dishonesty, I do my absolute best to avoid all contact with them. Persons seeking to earn private school tuitions are obviously dangerous.

My career was considerably foreshortened by my ethical constraints and, god knows, I could have made tons and tons more money if it hadn't been for my unwillingness to engage in activities I consider dishonest. When I was young, I received a job offer from a partner of Goldman Sachs; I turned it down because I didn't want to work for people I consider untrustworthy.

It was drilled into my brain as an adolescent that stockbrokers (e.g., Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Bear Stearns, Morgan Stanley, Alex. Brown, Hambrecht & Quist, Robertson Coleman, et al) were the heart of darkness and the reincarnation of Satan. In my abbreviated twenty-five year career as a "buy-side" investment analyst/portfolio manager, I saw no evidence that led me to doubt that judgment. In my exposure to thousands of so-called "investment professionals," I only met four or five I considered "honest" AND "competent." It is an astoundingly rare combination.

It is nothing short of a miracle that I didn't end up on the dole. Each and every day, I give thanks to the gods of chance that I stumbled upon a group of honest and gifted investors who were marvelous teachers and permitted me the freedom to follow my nose in pursuit of investment "value" wherever it happened to lie. Further, there was never any pressure or even constructive coercion placed upon me to express opinions I considered untrue or intentionally misleading.

It was through my association with these extraordinary men and women that I escaped the jaws of poverty.

I never mastered the ability to smile while uttering what I believed to be falsehoods. I've always known I was a bad liar and one incapable of persuasive dissembling. My rule for employers was and is quite simple: if I wouldn't want something done to me, don't expect me to do it to somebody else— you do your own lying; I won't do it for you.

Preservation of my integrity has been extremely expensive but I sleep soundly and I have no trouble looking in the mirror.


ETA: It has been observed by many over the years that, "Only rich people can afford to be honest." There is some truth to that observation.


___________________________


The difference between a corpocrat and an owner is easily discernible: when an owner goes home at night, he turns off the lights; a corpocrat doesn't.

The enterprise of which I was a part owner was subject to enormous amounts of regulation and regular examination. The entrepreneurs I know all swear that they'd never do it again— these days, all small businesses are subject to an onslaught of legal harassment and regulatory compliance that is incomprehensible to anyone who hasn't experienced it.


Great wealth brings responsibility. Many recognize that fact and behave properly. Rich people and families are as individual as everybody else. For some, it is an absolute curse— producing horrific and unbelievably dysfunctional behaviors. All people— rich and poor— have to develop and possess a healthy self-discipline.

One of the potential dangers of a well-intentioned and sincere desire to "do good" is unintended consequences. Without very careful thought, it is surprisingly easy to fall into a trap of enabling self-destructive behaviors in others.

"Do not handicap your children by making their lives easy."
-Robert A. Heinlein

As a dirt poor adolescent, I will never forget my rich uncle ( and I hasten to add I was not one of his heirs ) observing, "Being rich isn't all it's cracked up to be."

At the time, his thought made no sense to me. Now, I understand.



 
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You don't get it.

The commercial banking industry probably is ( and has been ) the most heavily regulated industry in all of America. The pols have had their fingers in the business for seventy years. The volumes of regulation fill entire walls of shelves. The whole reason that the U.S. ended up with 16,000 commercial banks (unlike the rest of the world) was because of meddling pols ( not to mention the 4,000 thrifts and the thousands of credit unions [ who, by the way, don't pay taxes ]).

Ya know why? Like Willie Sutton ( Q: Why do you rob banks, Mr. Sutton? A: Because that's where the money is ), the sticky-fingered, demagogic pols just couldn't keep their hands off.

Demagogues railed and browbeat and threatened and harangued and strong-armed and bullied— anybody with a pulse has a god-given right to a mortgage. Greenspan lowered rates to irresponsible and unconscionably absurd levels. The media whooped and hollared about how everybody was getting rich flipping houses. Gurus proclaimed that residential real estate prices never decline. Result: the lemmings drank the Kool-Aid and produced an old-fashioned bubble— just like the tech stock insanity of 1997-2000, just like the commercial real estate madness of 1986-1989, just like the Nifty Fifty of 1966-1972, just like the conglomerate madness of 1966-1968, just like the South Seas bubble of the 1720s, just like the Tulip Bulb insanity of 1636.

Government regulation and intervention NEVER prevented or solved any of 'em. Dimwits always vote for anybody who promises to save them from the natural consequences of their own stupidity.

The existence or non-existence of Glass-Steagall would have had no effect on the outcome. If in force, the commercial banks simply would have sold mortgages to investment banks who would have done their utmost to sell 'em off to the proverbial Norwegian village. If not in existence, the resulting universal banks would have done their level best to have sold 'em off to bagholders. In practice, mortgages became the hot potato and the only question was who would be left without a chair when the music stopped playing. Some investment and commercial banks badly miscalculated, discovering too late that they'd miscounted the number of available chairs when the music actually did stop.


________________________________



The U.S. and China now have symbiotic economies that have become so interdependent as to be virtually inseparable. Neither country particularly likes the arrangement but the leadership of both appear to recognize the reality. We have the current spectacle of our Secretary of State in Beijing begging and pleading the Chinese to continue to purchase and hold U.S. promises-to-pay (a/k/a Treasury securities ). Conversely, the Chinese leadership knows full well that they are riding the back of a tiger ( a billion and a half people whose ability to eat is quite literally dependent upon U.S. and Western consumers ). If there is one thing the Chinese fear more than anything else, it is internal disorder. Their most recent experiences— the 19th and 20th centuries— weren't over-pleasant for China. Chinese leaders know that they must eventually develop internal demand for their economy's manufactured products in order to counterbalance the potential for declining Western demand. Whether a command economy can accomplish that objective has yet to be seen. In the last fifteen years, China has successfully emulated the model of the mercantilist miracle that was orchestrated by Japan ( specifically by MITI ) and accomodated by the West from 1945-1988. It is reasonable to expect and logical that China's transition to a more consumer-driven economy and its full integration into the world economic system will be accompanied by a gradual, yet inevitable and substantial appreciation of the renminbi ( comparable to what occurred to the ¥:$ exchange rate between 1950-1990 and, of course, £, DM, FF [€] ). In any event, that's what theory would hold in a perfect world— whether the frenzy of day-to-day media, populist demagoguery, finger pointing and any of a thousand potential unforseen events will allow it to unfold is another story. But that's why we have Lexuses, Infinitis and Mercedes 500SLKs today rather than Datsun B-210s and Beetles (i.e, meaning, of course, the original "Bugs" ).

What alternatives are there? How does the prospect of a billion and a half angry, starving Chinese with raised economic expectations strike you? Is that preferable to a West where the cost of labor is artificially inflated temporarily by political fiat? Even now, as the West struggles, the Chinese are securing long term supplies of essential raw materials— especially petroleum ( CNOOC recently announced two long-term financings, one with Russia and one with Brazil's Petrobras where, in exchange for investment, China gets long term contracts ), iron ore, copper and natural gas.

Tea leaf readings and crystal ball forecasts have always been sought by the desperate and the anxious. That demand has always been met by con artists and palmists. Ol' John Naisbitt made a pretty penny peddling Megatrends ( if you want a good horse laugh, have a gander at those predictions— what a hoot! ). George Friedman is the latest to take advantage of the gullible. The demand for certainty in an uncertain world is what gives rise to imams and priests.

God knows, in our fairly brief lifetimes, we've all seen shit that nobody could possibly have dreamed up. If anybody HAD predicted some of this stuff fifty years ago, they'd have been promptly shipped off to the funny farm. If, in 1965 or 1978 or 1985, you'd said that China would become a market-based economy, you'd have been thought a lunatic. If, in 1965 or 1978 or 1985, you'd said that Russia would throw out Communism and adopt free market economics, you'd have been labeled a hopeless nutcase.


_________________________________




I am the antithesis of a trader.

There's a world of difference between a trader and a true, long term investor.

It so happens that I like engineers and despise Wall Street— the vast majority of uninformed people would think I spent a career on Wall Street though the fact is that I spent a career fighting it and bear the scars to prove it. The danger of engineers is that many of 'em are pie-in-the-sky dreamers. The stereotype..., well, you know the rest of the stereotype. Humanity is capable of building perfect machines but they aren't going to do anybody a damn bit of good if nobody can afford to buy 'em or they can't be manufactured in quantity.

I am, in fact, a reluctant capitalist and a reluctant democrat ( small "d" ), fully aware of the pain that free market systems periodically inflict. However, akin to Churchill's reflection on democracy, I believe in the freest possible markets because, "nobody's thought of a better one [ i.e., system ]."

As a long-time shareholder of Berkshire Hathaway and as one who spent a career analyzing banks ( among other things ), I read ( in March, 2003 ) Warren Buffett's admonition about "financial weapons of mass destruction" on pages 14-15 of his 2002 Letter To Shareholders. I agreed with it. I've warned people about the dangers of Freddie and Fannie and the money-center banks for decades. Their finances and their financial statements have been ( and remain ) unintelligible and they were accidents waiting to happen. So it goes. The next time people think about investing in bank stocks and GSEs, I promise you they'll at least attempt to read the friggin' financial statements and the footnotes— something they didn't do before the market handed them a nightmare. That's what markets do and that's how they allocate capital. It'll be a long time before university endowments and eleemosynary institutions again hand over gobs of cash to a bunch of fast-talking, 29 year-olds with no experience and no competence. Unfortunately, every generation has to learn these things the hard way.

Fighting institutional imperatives is an exercise in masochism. Bureaucracies have an inherent irresistable inertia that will steamroll and flatten anything in their paths— don't think for a moment that that's particular to one set of politicians or another. The example du jour is, of course, Bernie Madoff, Harry Markopolis and the SEC— I mean the guy gave the SEC Madoff's head on a silver fucking platter— but that wasn't anything out of the ordinary. The same shit went on in Clinton's SEC; you ( and the public ) just don't know about it. Bureaucrats are bureaucrats and politicians are politicians; the names and the parties change but nothing else does. On that score, "I'm from Missouri."

 
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"An elephant: A mouse built to government specifications."
-Robert A. Heinlein
Excerpts from the Notebooks of Lazarus Long
Time Enough For Love
New York, N.Y. 1973


"A committee is a life form with six or more legs and no brains."
-Robert A. Heinlein
Excerpts from the Notebooks of Lazarus Long
Time Enough For Love
New York, N.Y. 1973


"Never attempt to teach a pig to sing. It wastes your time and annoys the pig."
-Robert A. Heinlein
Excerpts from the Notebooks of Lazarus Long
Time Enough For Love
New York, N.Y. 1973


"What are the facts? Again and again and again-what are the facts? Shun wishful thinking, ignore divine revelation, forget what 'the stars foretell,' avoid opinion, care not what the neighbors think, never mind the unguessable 'verdict of history' —what are the facts, and to how many decimal places? You pilot always into an unknown future; facts are your single clue. Get the facts!"
-Robert A. Heinlein
Excerpts from the Notebooks of Lazarus Long
Time Enough For Love
New York, N.Y. 1973




"If you can think of any idea so simple it would be beyond the capacity of the dumbest human being in existence to screw up, you may rely upon the Congress of the United States of America to accomplish it."
-Trysail

"I find it very nearly impossible to convey the message to people that, 'nice is nice, and honest is honest, and competent is competent— but these are not necessarily the same things and should never be confused.' All salespeople are 'nice;' they won't last long as salespeople if they aren't. Being 'nice,' however, does not make someone either honest or competent. People are easily seduced by a projection of confidence and the chimera of certainty; I am always suspicious of smug certainty. There is an old expression used to describe salespeople: 'Frequently wrong— but never in doubt!' "
-Trysail


 
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A not-insubstantial part of reported losses have been non-cash accounting charges based on the application of "mark-to-market" accounting. Whether the "marks" ultimately turn out to be conservative or "mark-to-myth" is anybody's guess at this point. It is not impossible that, in the fullness of time, they could turn out to be conservative. As Buffett has pointed out, the systemic adoption and effects of "mark-to-market" accounting likely has parallels to the systemic effects that were witnessed in the great portfolio insurance delusion of 1987. To wit: in many respects, it is a closed, self-reinforcing negative feedback loop system— i.e., the lower the market, the lower the "marks," leading to cash collateral calls, thence to forced liquidations that lower the market and so on. In other words, ye olde death spiral. Mark-to-market accounting isn't to blame. The underlying problem is leverage. Markets fluctuate; they always have and they always will. It's leverage that makes it impossible to withstand the fluctuations.

It is very possible that this same death spiral was affecting virtually every financial intermediary.

I am not a fan of the application of rocket science to finance. The sheep in large institutions have an awful tendency to be wowed by the patina of science and the false imprimatur of certainty that computer modeling exudes to the untutored and the naive.

Perhaps that will give certain parties some insight to my skepticism of the blind acceptance of the sole "proof" of the theory of anthropogenic global warming. ;)


 
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"Why should freedom of speech and freedom of the press be allowed? Why should a government which is doing what it believes to be right allow itself to be criticized? It would not allow opposition by lethal weapons. Ideas are much more fatal things than guns. Why should any man be allowed to buy a printing press and disseminate pernicious opinions calculated to embarass the government?"

-V. I. Lenin, 1920

 


In many respects, "the newspaper people" ARE "full of shit." Never, ever forget that their primary job is to sell newspapers**. Beyond that, very few of them have any understanding of economics or basic knowledge of the energy industries. Face it, the only qualification necessary to become a journalist is an ability to regurgitate other people's statements and to type basic English.

Daily journalism, by its nature, is concerned with the ephemeral. As such it tends to focus on spot prices (as, of course, do traders). Do not confuse the abstract concept of trading/speculating with investment— many people (and newspapers) make that mistake.

One of the reasons that Warren Buffett became the best investor the world has ever known is his ability to recognize and discriminate between marginal prices (a/k/a "spot" prices) and intrinsic value. They are two very, very different things and Buffett's fortune was made by his extraordinary talent at evaluating and capitalizing on those differences.

The marginal price of anything is merely the price where the most recent buyer and seller agree to buy and sell. It does not necessarily reflect the cost of production or the replacement cost. It is merely one transaction.

Intrinsic value, on the other hand, is a far more substantive and enduring concept. It is an informed estimate of the present value of the long-run worth of an enterprise or asset.

The human participants in markets are subject to periodic bouts of fear and greed; under the influence of these emotions, people behave irrationally. As Buffett once put it, " 'Mr. Market' has manic tendencies." In response to fear and greed, many market participants will behave stupidly: they will buy high and sell low.

It is amazing how many otherwise bright people permit their emotions to dictate their behavior.

With respect to petroleum prices, marginal demand has been curtailed by (1) conservation arising from comparatively high prices, (2) substitution and (3) slower economic activity. At the same time, production has been stimulated by those same comparatively high prices.

ETA:

"Buy when stock prices are low and hold on to your securities...
People seem unable to grasp these simple principles.
They do not buy when prices are low.
They are fearful of bargains."


-J. Paul Getty

______________________________
**Newspapers and the media are in the business of selling newspapers and attracting eyeballs. To that end: "If it bleeds, it leads." The media is, most assuredly, not interested in "Dog bites man" stories; the precise opposite is the case— they are drawn like flies to the scene of accidents, spilt blood and "Man bites dog" stories.


 

The fundamental problem is this: the mortgage business is, at bottom, an unnatural creation of the politicians. Because there is no natural pool of capital with an appetite for long-term (which, because of prepayment options have no determinable maturity), fixed-rate loans large enough to supply the demand by various constituencies, the politicians first fabricated an utterly unnatural industry out of whole cloth (the savings and loan business, bastard child of The New Deal), they then went on to mandate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie and Freddie eventually become the ultimate bagholders (meaning, of course, Mr. and Mrs. Taxpayer). The pols did what any self-respecting body of demagogic pols always do: they engage in magical thinking, wave a wand, bamboozle the credulous mob and play pretend. Nobody knows what the maturity on those mortgages is. Would you invest in something without knowing when it matures? I know I damn well wouldn't.

As is ever the case when politicians attempt to force square pegs into round holes, the result is a mess. The only thing they ever succeeded in doing was creating an artificial game of "hot potato" or "musical chairs."

The political solution to an insufficient supply of mortgage loans? Pass laws repealing natural forces. It works— for a little while— but is ultimately doomed to fail; that's exactly what has transpired.

I had forgotten that Fannie Mae was a creation of Roosevelt and the New Deal. I should have known— it bears all the hallmarks: innumeracy, ignorance, demagogic politicians, gullible voters, world savers, wishful thinking, Santa Claus, the tooth fairy and a multitude of Pied Pipers. It figures.

It has turned into one of the most colossal government boondoggles of all time and a preview of what lies in the future for BOTH Social Security AND Medicare.

All politicians are natural meddlers. Washington, D.C. is full of 'em. I live close enough to that sinkhole to have witnessed (in the course of my lifetime) its transformation from an insignificant stinking backwater swamp where no self-respecting individual would reside to a hellish urban nightmare populated entirely by pinguid, oleaginous, fast-talking snake oil pedlars. Its residents have no otherwise marketable skills for earning a living.

If you don't think government borrowing and fiscal discipline matters, you're only kidding yourself. Ask a German about the Weimar Republic.



_____________________________



Government regulation and intervention have NEVER prevented bubbles and the operation of the business cycle. The collapse of economic bubbles has always been followed by false prophets and manipulative opportunists promoting painless quack remedies. The mountebanks never fail to claim the efficacy of their solutions when recoveries occur— as free market economies inevitably do— after the excesses that created the bubbles are purged naturally by operation of markets. The promoters of the simple fixes are as dishonest as the first set of schemers— merely another set in a long line of charlatans, foolish dreamers and would-be dictators.

In the latest episode, demagogues railed and browbeat and threatened and harangued and strong-armed and bullied— anybody with a pulse has a god-given right to a mortgage. Bankers lost their minds and "bought" their own pitches. Greenspan lowered rates to irresponsible and unconscionably absurd levels— all in the name of a quick and pain-free solution to the tech-bubble-insanity and 9/11. The media whooped and hollared about how everybody was getting rich flipping houses. Gurus proclaimed that residential real estate prices never decline. Result: the lemmings drank the Kool-Aid and produced another old-fashioned bubble— just like the tech stock insanity of 1997-2000, just like the commercial real estate madness of 1986-1989, just like the Nifty Fifty of 1966-1972, just like the conglomerate madness of 1966-1968, just like the South Seas bubble of the 1720s, just like the Tulip Bulb insanity of 1636.

The business cycle is and always will be. If you believe otherwise, I've got a bridge I'd like to sell you.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession_of_2008
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession_of_2001
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973–1974_stock_market_crash
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession_of_1958
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession_of_1953
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession_of_1937
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Panic_of_1907
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1893
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1890
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1884
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1873
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1866
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1857
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1847
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1837
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1825
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Panic_of_1819
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_seas_bubble
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Scheme
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_bubble

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Business_Cycle_Theory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_cycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_Popular_Delusions_and_the_Madness_of_Crowds



For your edification, here is a brief course in economics and economic history:
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Recession_of_2008
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Recession_of_2001
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%931974_stock_market_crash
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Recession_of_1958
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Recession_of_1953
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Recession_of_1937
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The_Panic_of_1907
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1893
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1890
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1884
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1873
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1866
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1857
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1847
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1837
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Panic_of_1825
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The_Panic_of_1819
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ South_seas_bubble
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mississippi_Scheme
ht tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Tulip_bubble

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Business_Cycle_Theory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_cycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_Popular_Delusions_and_the_Madness_of_Crowds



<b>As anyone can readily see, business and economic cycles are perfectly normal, recurring facts of life.</b>


Mississippi
TulipBulbs
PanicOf1873
 
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The unpredictable is predictable,
but the predictable is unpredictable;
therefore, the unpredictable is unpredictable.

 

"Almost every town in France now has a museum of 'daily life' or of 'popular arts and traditions'. Most of them are stocked with artefacts that would otherwise have disappeared or turned into expensive accessories in homes and restaurants. The roughly decorated chests, the butter churns and baskets, the wooden tables with smooth, saucer shaped depressions into which the soup was poured, bear witness to the resilience of their owners. They have the dignity of objects that shared a human life. Each one contains the ghost of a gesture that was performed a million times. They make it easy to imagine a life of hard work and habit.

Naturally the artefacts are the best examples available: the hefty cradle, the expensive plough with metal parts and a manufacturer's name, the embroidered smock that was kept in a chest as part of someone's trouseau and never saw the pigsty or the field. As survivors, they tell a heartening tale of endurance. Other companions of daily life— the rotting bed, the treasured dung heap, the stench-laden fug of human and animal breath that could extinguish a burning candle— are impossible to display.

Sometimes, the person who was survived by her possessions appears in their midst and the purposeful display is belied by the photograph of a face scoured by hardship. The expression is often one of faint suspicion, dread or simply dull fatigue. It makes imagining the life that belonged to these objects seem a blundering intrusion. It seems to say that daily existence is harder to fathom than the obsolete tools and kitchen utensils, and that, if it could be recreated, the staple diet of a past life, with its habits, sensations and smells would have a stranger taste than the most exotic regional dish.

Written descriptions of daily life inevitably convey the same bright sense of purpose and progress. They pass through the years of lived experience like carefree travellers, telescoping the changes that only a long memory could have perceived. Occasionally, however, a simple fact has the same effect as the photograph in the museum. At the end of the eighteenth century, doctors from urban Alsace to rural Brittany found that high death rates were not caused primarily by famine and disease. The problem was that, as soon as they became ill, people took to their beds and hoped to die. In 1750, the Marquis d'Argenson noticed that the peasants who farmed his land in the Touraine were 'trying not to multiply': 'They wish only for death'. Even in times of plenty, old people who could no longer wield a spade or hold a needle were keen to die as soon as possible. 'Lasting too long' was one of the great fears of life. Invalids were habitually hated by their carers. It took a special government grant, instituted in 1850 in the Seine and Loiret départments, to persuade poor families to keep their ailing relatives at home instead of sending them to that bare waiting room of the graveyard, the municipal hospice.

When there was just enough food for the living, the mouth of a dying person was an obscenity. In the relatively harmonious household of the 1840s described by the peasant novelist Émile Guillaumin, the family members speculate openly in front of Émile's bed-ridden grandmother (who has not lost her hearing): 'I wish we knew how long it's going to last.' And another would reply, 'Not long, I hope.' As soon as the burden had expired, any water kept in pans or basins was thrown out (since the soul might have washed itself— or, if bound for Hell, tried to extinguish itself— as it left the house), and then life went on as before.

'Happy as a corpse' was a saying in the Alps. Visitors to the villages in the Savoy Alps, the central Pyrenees, Alsace and Lorraine, and parts of the Massif Central were often horrified to find silent populations of cretins with hideous thyroid deformities. (The link between goitre and lack of iodine in the water was not widely recognized until the early nineteenth century.) The Alpine explorer Saussure, who asked in vain for directions in a village in the Aosta Valley when most of the villagers were out in the fields, imagined that 'an evil spirit had turned the inhabitants of the unhappy village into dumb animals, leaving them with just enough human face to show that they had once been men.

The infirmity that seemed a curse to Saussure was a blessing to the natives. The birth of a cretinous baby was believed to bring good luck to the family. The idiot child would never have to work and would never have to leave home to earn money to pay the tax-collector. These hideous, blank creatures were already half-cured of life. Even the death of a normal child could be a consolation. If the baby had lived long enough to be baptized, or if a clever witch revived the corpse for an instant to sprinkle it with holy water, its soul would pray for the family in heaven...

...Categorical terms like 'peasants', 'artisans' and 'the poor' reduce the majority of the population to smudges in a crowd scene that no degree of magnification could resolve into a group of faces. They suggest a large and luckless contingent that filled in the background of important events and participated in the nation's historical development by suffering and engaging in a semblance of economic activity.

Even with a short term view, these categories turn out to be misleading. Rich people could fall into povery and peasants could be rich and powerful. Many peasants lived in towns and commuted to the fields. Many were also craftsmen, traders and local officials, just as many so-called aristocrats were semi-literate farmers. Statistics based on a mixture of surveys, censuses and guesswork give what seems a balanced view of the whole population. In 1789, three-quarters were described as 'agricultural'. A century later, the agricultural population had fallen to about 48 per cent, while 25 per cent worked in industry, 14 per cent in commerce and transport, 4 per cent in public services and administration and 3 per cent in the liberal professions, and 6 per cent were independently wealthy. But for reasons that will become clear, these figures always exaggerate the tidy divisions of the population and underestimate the number of people who tried to live off the land."


-Graham Robb
The Discovery of France: A Historical Geography from the Revolution to the First World War.
New York and London, 2007.



Pure serendipity led me to pick up this book whilst strolling amongst the stacks at the local library. What good luck!

Unbeknownst to most all (from the dust jacket description), "While Gustave Eiffel was changing the skyline of Paris, large parts of France were still terra incognita. Even in the age of railways and newspapers, France was a land of ancient tribal divisions, prehistoric communication networks, and pre-Christian beliefs. French itself was a minority language. Historians and anthropologists of the time referred to this land, without irony, as 'Gaul' and Julius Caesar was still being quoted at the end of the nineteenth century as a useful source of information on the inhabitants of the vast interior.

Graham Robb describes that unknown world— before and after the shattering arrival of modern civilization, from the end of the ancien régime to the early twentieth century— in arresting narrative detail. He recounts the epic journeys of mapmakers, scientists, soldiers, administrators, and intrepid tourists, of itinerant workers, pilgrims, and herdsmen with their millions of migratory domestic animals. We learn how France was explored, charted, and colonized, and how the imperial influence of Paris was gradually extended throughout a kingdom of isolated towns and villages..."

For me, it was a truly eye-opening book; I was totally and utterly ignorant of the extent to which medieval conditions predominated throughout almost all of France right up to the dawn of the twentieth century. Amazing!

 


Memorial



He was respected by educated, honest and intelligent men— men whose approval and respect he sought. He did not seek the approval or regard of the remainder and did not pander to them.

A privileged, sheltered and protected childhood as a member of an anachronistic and doomed culture ended with the premature death of his father.

As a fatherless adolescent, he was easy prey for the naive, utopian dreamers of academia to whom his rearing was consigned and he fell under their influence. Notwithstanding the efforts of distant relations, he never fully recovered.

Intolerant of dissemblers, hypocrites, cheats, frauds and hucksters, he was alienated from a society where they were dominant, successful and admired. He neither expected nor asked for quarter though usually extending it.


 

I have a couple of relatives who are rare/antiquarian book collectors and dealers. Many (many) years ago, I learned from one of them that Thomas Jefferson used a secret mark to identify his books; unfortunately, he didn't tell me what the mark was. I resolved to find the answer. Notwithstanding repeated efforts, I somehow never managed to run it to ground ( hell, even the damn docents at Monticello couldn't answer my question! )— 'til now. Thanks to the wonders of the Internet, I now have it. Praise be! Finally, I can cross one item off my list of life's mysteries.


"...But private book-lovers need not adopt such
stringent measures. The name and address at the beginning
and the date and price at the end are sufficient
in most cases. Yet it is well to add a secret mark to
identify the volume, in case it strays or is stolen, in which
event the thief will find no great difficulty in removing
the name and address. Of these secret marks, perhaps
the best system is that used by Thomas Jefferson.
He turned to the signature I in his books and put a T
before it, and to the signature T and put a J after it.
He had thus his initials in two places in the book
, and
where no one would be likely to look for them."


The Home Library
New York, 1883.
by Brander Matthews and James Brander Matthews


If you have an interest in a similar system of identification, the same authors offered the following suggestions:

"...A contributor to the admirable "Library Journal" (1879, p.
62) suggests an improvement. He advises not to take a
regular signature, which is often troublesome to find and
which will differ in books printed by different houses, but
to determine on a fixed number by which the number of
pages shall always be divided. Thus, if you fix on four,
and the volume has a hundred and sixty pages, you put
your mark — initials, cross, or what not — on page forty.
Each owner can make a rule for himself so simple that
he cannot forget it.

Instead of writing the name of the owner on the flyleaf
or across the title-page, many prefer a printed label
to be affixed to the inner cover of the book. In its simplest
form this book-label is little more than
JOHN SMITH,
His Book.

 


It is a well-known fact that I am not a fan of "professional" college football, viewing it as a large and seminal corrupting influence in our culture. It is, in short, a colossal racket. College football coaches making million-dollar salaries, football athletic "scholarships", athletic recruiting, and the fact that the colleges serve as free farm leagues for the NFL are every bit as sickening and obscene to me as the felonious rip-off artists of Wall Street.

Lest you conclude that I am a completely humorless S.O.B. ( I am a S.O.B., but like to think that I'm, at least, not humorless ), here's a vignette that is representative of the regard with which college football was held at the college I attended.

The "cheerleaders" ( all male, as was the student body of the time ) were always completely drunk ( at least that's what the administration and alumni presumed rather than contemplating the strong likelihood that certain other controlled substances were hard at work ). In preparation for game day, the grassy area in front of the home stands was transformed into a mud bog by copious applications of water. The "cheerleaders" ( a motley crew to begin with ), generally attired in diverse white or denim coveralls and equipped with an assorted collection of douche bags, hot water bottles, megaphones and enema bags suspended from sticks assembled in front of the stands. They inaugurated their performance with a cacaphonous, completely unchoreographed whooping and hollaring closely resembling primal therapy. This was followed by a series of anarchic grunts, general noise-making, mayhem and ad hoc cheers— the most memorable of which was the rhythmic chant:

Kill, maim, destroy!
Rape, pillage and burn!

As the game progressed, things degenerated. By the end of the third quarter, amply fortified by multiple applications of alcohol ( and god knows what else ), mud-sliding commenced. Like broad jumpers, our stalwart and fearless "cheerleaders" would take running starts from the 10-yard line or thereabouts and plunge headlong into the mud-pit with the apparent object of sliding the furtherest or burrowing the deepest.

Halftimes featured the school band, a forlorn and discordant group equipped with an assortment of kazoos, Jew's harps and harmonicas. It is possible that that they once struck a uniform chord or produced a recognizeable tune but not within my memory.

The football game itself was largely ignored by the spectators. I have always maintained the highest regard for the players. Over the years, that regard has done nothing but grow. Theirs was as pure a spirit as you're likely to find, seeing that there was never any doubt that their participation was entirely ascribable to love of the sport— very clearly, no consideration was given for current or future emolument.


 
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A Tragedy of Manners
By: Jonathan Yardley
The Washington Post
Monday, September 13, 1993

In days of yore when movies were still movies and yours truly was still a moviegoer, films aspiring to a certain sophistication frequently managed to include a restaurant scene (Sardi's or 21) in which our hero (Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart) was interrupted mid-meal by a deferential captain bearing not a tray but a telephone. Our hero picked up the receiver, signed off on a multi-million-dollar deal— and left all of us in the audience gasping at the sheer elegance of it all.

But those were old movies and old heroes, as I was reminded last week while at lunch in a pleasant, uncrowded restaurant. Two persons of the male persuasion— events proved them scarcely to be "gentlemen"— sat nearby, immersed in what seemed to be deep negotiations. Suddenly one of them reached into his briefcase, hauled out a cellular phone and dialed up a third party. That business having been completed, he went off to the men's room— whereupon the phone emitted a noisy ring, which was no less noisily answered by his luncheon partner.

The difference between the first scene and the second is the difference between Cary Grant and Michael Douglas, or at least between the celluloid characters portrayed by same. No doubt there are still those in this post Reagan/Trump world who imagine the ostentatious behavior of my two fellow diners to be suave and masterly, but to my taste it was merely obtrusively rude. Watching those two jerks flex their muscles, I thought nothing so much as that they should be sent back to school: to Gilman School, to be precise.

That's because a couple of days before I had read, in the Baltimore Sun, a news story about how this private school for boys "has made civility— a k a courtesy— its theme for the academic year." The headmaster of Gilman, Arch Montgomery, has seen too much rudeness and discourtesy among his students, much of it relatively trivial— impertinence toward guest speakers, impoliteness toward others, violations of rules of dress and behavior— but all of it adding up to a disturbing pattern. Montgomery has decided to take action.

It comes as a form of what the Sun calls "a schoolwide assault on incivility." This means, among other things, that "student behavioral policies have been revised, counselors hired and lessons modified to include a chapter on courtesy." Students will be required to "compile lists of 'civil' words ('honesty' and 'humility' come to the headmaster's mind), and discuss them at a series of lectures the headmaster has planned."

All of which admittedly sounds more than a little quaint: "Mr. Chips Meets the '90s." A day school that charges $9,000 per head per year [$21,000 in 2008] to educate its 1,000 students isn't exactly the real world as most Americans know it, even if it has— as Gilman does— an uncommonly generous scholarship program. But the explanation Montgomery gives for his students' incivility addresses a problem that touches millions of Americans. Montgomery, who is 40, told the Sun: "Ours is the wealthiest generation of Americans, a group no one ever said no to. These people are spoiled, petulant and used to getting their own way, and when they don't, they scream until they do. They are magnificently self-absorbed; they feel they are owed. And these people are raising children. Also, we're rejecting institutions— church and family— that gave order to our lives."

Those are tough words; courageous words, too, when one considers that "these people" are in large measure the constituency served by Mr. Montgomery and his school. Those words also, of course, are true, as is Montgomery's answer to a parent who asked, "What will happen to our civil children when they go off into an uncivil world?" Montgomery said: "It's not an unreasonable question. What happens if we succeed in creating a kinder and gentler environment here, and the kids then go off to Harvard? Are we disarming them for the future? The answer is that people can protect themselves without resorting to incivility. But we must encourage children not to become paralyzed by the fact that others are not living by their standards. You shouldn't expect a reward for doing the right thing. Being a good person is hard, otherwise, everyone would do it."

So the young men of Gilman are to be molded into good people, no doubt entirely against their will. As we used to say in the movies: Rotsa ruck. The odds are against Montgomery's crusade— it's tempting to picture him aboard a spavined steed, tilting at a windmill— not merely because his pampered charges are, in his words, "arrogant, disrespectful or self-indulgent," but because there is virtually nothing in American society that encourages civility.

Ours has always been a raw, touchy, quick-tempered country, but until the past couple of decades it managed to honor certain basic principles of courtesy. Children were expected to address their elders with respect and in deferential language. Profanity and obscenity were strictly limited to impolite company. Dress in all except the most relaxed circumstances adhered to minimal expectations of neatness and appropriateness, if not formality. All in all, people were expected— and expected of themselves as well— to acknowledge the needs and interests of others and to accomodate them when required or merely suitable.

It's tempting to say that the '60s came along and blew all of that away— tempting because in a substantial measure it's true. The behavioral revolution ushered in by that lamentable era was summed up in the catch phrase "let it all hang out," though we were meant to believe that this was a matter of communal rather than merely selfish interest. Whatever the unknowable truth may be, it remains that in time the manners of the '60s were commandeered by commercial interests for their own purposes.

Thus the "let it all hang out" culture was transformed into the "in your face" culture. The mass media, which in previous times had tended to promote stars of a reasonably civil and sophisticated demeanor, eagerly made the transition from Cary Grant to Rob Lowe, from Katherine Hepburn to Madonna. Whether one cares to blame it on Reagan and Trump or merely on the fates, unchecked selfishness somehow metamorphosed from an anti-social liability into a distinct asset.

As Ernest Lefever of the Ethics and Public Policy Center told the Sun, "The harshness, the ugliness that has entered Western civilization is more pronounced than ever, and one of the major indicators is our schools." That isn't mere nostalgic complaint, it's the truth. Courtesy and civility are not merely honored in the breach, they are quite openly rejected. Our culture is contemptuous of people who are mindful of others, who are modest and self-effacing, who speak softly and precisely. It admires people who grab whatever they can, who blow their own horns, whose voices are loud and insistent.

It is precisely for those reasons that Montgomery's crusade, though laudable, looks so quixotic. Changes in society are tidal forces against which the resistance of any single person or institution is hopeless. A nation blissed out on idiotic television programming, big-time college football, professional athletics, aggressive automobiles and wholesale firearms is not going to see the light and transform itself into the kinder, gentler place so foolishly— and cynically— conjured by George Bush.

Still, it's good to see someone trying. Arch Montgomery may change only a few young minds— and those may change for the worse once they leave his charge and enter the uncivil world— but in trying to do so he has made a grand, elegant gesture for which he deserves our thanks. Captain, bring that man a silver telephone.

_______________
Epilogue: A decade later, Montgomery was terminated by the school. It is not known if his termination was related to his 1993 actions.
 


While it may not be immediately apparent to those untrained in economics, capitalism and free markets are as much a part of the natural order of the universe as supernovae, daisies, galaxies, evolution, elephants and ants.

To the extent that there is a moral justification for free market capitalism it is this: in the long run, it efficiently allocates scarce resources.

That may not be evident at the moment, but it is true.
_______________________________

"The economy of man was Charles Darwin's inspiration for his theory of natural selection. Darwin wrote,

I happened to read... Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long continued observation of... animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favorable variations would tend to be preserved and unfavorable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species.​

Darwin went on to conclude that organisms vary randomly, with natural selection simply favoring the variations which happen to be well suited to an organism's local environment.

The most common use of the idea of evolution is to regard man as the product of evolutionary forces which impel organisms from lower to higher states of existence; with man at the top. This view is not quite right. Darwin and other evolutionists correctly perceived that evolution has no preordained direction, that, in the words of Stephen Jay Gould, 'the degeneracy of a parasite is as perfect as the gait of a gazelle.' Man, then, is not necessarily better than other creatures. But organisms have undeniably evolved from less complex to more complex forms. Man, who is a physical, emotional, intellectual, and economic animal, is perhaps the most complex creature of all.

SQUIRRELS, ANTS, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Our instincts tell us that man's development of an economy may be an evolutionary adaptation, a variation which adapts well to his environment. Let us look at this idea in the context of production, consumption, saving, and investment— the fundamental components of economy.

Squirrels hoard. Knowing that they must have food in the winter, they willingly forego present (certain) consumption in exchange for future consumption which is also more or less certain. Within an individual squirrel's lifetime, the animal makes numerous trades between the present and the future.

Yet squirrels do not build wealth over time. The offspring of particularly industrious squirrels do not find their lives made richer by their parents' past efforts; squirrels as a species are not better off than they were a hundred years ago. Clearly, hoarding or storage (the exchange of present for future consumption, both under certainty) is not a sufficient condition for building wealth. One might speculate that such riskless saving has a zero rate of expected return. Ibbotson and Sinquefield find precisely that: riskless investments earn a zero real rate of return on average over long time periods. They arrive at that conclusion not by studying squirrels, but by comparing U.S. Treasury bill returns with the inflation rate.

Ants (which incidentally are organically far less complex than squirrels) not only hoard but build structures (anthills) which may last longer than any individual ant. Thus, ants transfer wealth intergenerationally: young ants may find themselves born into a well-constructed anthill. Since an ant may not live to reap the fruit of his own labor, we regard ants as investors, not just hoarders. Like human investors, they trade present certain consumption for future uncertain consumption, and may defer consumption until after death. By investing, ants build wealth.

Yet, unlike that of humans, per capita ant wealth does not grow steadily over time, with each generation of ants better off than its predecessor. We have examined hoarding and risk-taking but we still have not uncovered a sufficient condition for secular economic growth.

The reader who is skeptical that economic growth occurs is at this point entitled to some hard evidence. This evidence is provided by the work of Sir Henry Phelps-Brown, who documents seven centuries of building wages, and Julian Simon, who records two hundred years of falling food prices for food and other resources. In medieval England, individuals sometimes sold themselves into slavery in return for the provision of bread. This is certainly not the case today. Economic growth is a fact, and it appears to be the exclusive province of man.

Economic growth is made possible by the building of capital; in fact, some regard the two as synonymous. Capital takes many forms: human, physical, financial. The outstanding economic trend of recorded history is the increase in the stock of all these kinds of capital over time; both in aggregate and per capita. This growth has been made possible by the taking of risk.

At this point, it is obvious that there is a missing link in the logic. Ants take risk and their economies do not grow steadily over time; humans take risk and their economies do grow.

The link has to do with man's ability to influence outcomes. This ability is the evolutionary adaptation which makes man far more of an economic animal than the squirrel or the ant. Humans can influence outcomes in three ways. First, man can identify good and bad uses for capital, and select the good ones; and secondly, man can change the enviroment in a way favorable to the desired outcome. Third and most importantly, man can change himself. Although man may not be strictly unique in any of these three attributes, he is unique in possessing all three in combination and to the degree in which he has them.

Why, then, do human economies have secular growth while ant economies do not? The reason is that ants most probably multiply in a Malthusian fashion, expanding their population to consume any attained economic growth, while humans sometimes react to growth by limiting their population. Thus, humans have the mechanism for pushing up the per capita store of wealth over time. These abilities— to influence outcomes and to change oneself— explain why the taking of risk is rewarded in human activity. What remains to be seen is whether humans can sustain their non-Malthusian behavior over the very long term, or if over-population or nuclear weapons will eventually limit our growth.

The question, why is risk rewarded, is not trivial. Ibbotson and Sinquefield amply demonstrate that rewards go to risk-takers. They not exactly say why, but suggest that people perceive risk as bad, all other things equal, and that they demand to be paid for taking risk— the exchange of certain for uncertain outcomes— does not in itself produce any wealth, nor is there a natural law stating that risk ought to be rewarded. People, moreover, demand many things which they do not get. (For example, most people would demand to be paid for jumping into a frozen lake. Since there are no payers, the Polar Bear Club has a small membership.) So, we must conclude that there are payers for risk, or else a market for risk would not exist. This conclusion, incidentally, points out the fact that the traditional capital asset pricing model is a demand side model and take no account of the supply of risk.

Who are the payers? They are people who believe that they can identify and select good uses of capital; or affect the environment or themselves in ways favorable to the growth of capital. These payers constitute the supply of risk, the demand for risk capital. The existence of people who can transform risky sacrifices into rewarding outcomes (and that includes all of us at some level) is one of man's unique evolutionary adaptations, the adaptation which explains his apparent singular ability to build wealth through investment..."


Laurence B. Siegel,
Foreword to Stocks, Bonds, Bills, and Inflation: The Past and The Future by Roger G. Ibbotson and Rex A. Sinquefield. Charlottesville, Virginia, 1982 Edition.


 

"William Shakespeare was born into a world that was short of people and struggled to keep those it had. In 1564 England had a population of between three million and five million— much less than three hundred years earlier, when plague began to take a continuous, heavy toll. Now the number of living Britons was actually in retreat. The previous decade had seen a fall in population nationally of about 6 percent. In London, as many as a quarter of the citizenry may have perished.

But plague was only the beginning of England's deathly woes. The embattled populace faced constant danger from tuberculosis, measles, rickets, scurvy, two types of smallpox (confluent and hemorrhagic), scrofula, dysentery, and a vast amorphous array of fluxes and fevers— tertian fever, quartian fever, puerperal fever, ship's fever, quotidian fever, spotted fever— as well as 'frenzies,' 'foul evils,' and other peculiar maladies of vague and numerous types. These were, of course, no respecters of rank. Queen Elizabeth herself was nearly carried off by smallpox in 1562, two years before William Shakespeare was born.

Even comparatively minor conditions— a kidney stone, an infected wound, a difficult childbirth— could quickly turn lethal. Almost as dangerous as the ailments were the treatments meted out. Victims were purged with gusto and bled till they fainted— hardly the sort of handling that would help a weakened constitution. In such an age it was a rare child that knew all four of its grandparents.

Many of the exotic-sounding diseases of Shakespeare's time are known to us by other names (their ship's fever is our typhus, for instance), but some were mysteriously specific to the age. One such was the 'English sweat,' which had only recently abated after several murderous outbreaks. It was called the 'scourge without dread' because it was so startlingly swift: Victims often sickened and died on the same day. Fortunately many survived, and gradually the population acquired a collective immunity that drove the disease to extinction by the 1550s. Leprosy, one of the great dreads of the Middle Ages, had likewise mercifully abated in recent years, never to return with vigor. But no sooner had these perils vanished than another virulent fever, called 'the new sickness,' swept through the country, killing tens of thousands in a series of outbreaks between 1556 and 1559. Worse, these coincided with calamitous, starving harvests in 1555 and 1556. It was a literally dreadful age.

Plague, however, remained the darkest scourge. Just under three months after William's birth, the burials section of the parish register of Holy Trinity Church in Stratford bears the ominous words Hic incepit pestis (Here plague begins), beside the name of a boy named Oliver Gunne. The outbreak of 1564 was a vicious one. At least two hundred people died in Stratford, about ten times the normal rate. Even in nonplague years 16 percent of infants perished in England; in this year nearly two thirds did. (One neighbor of the Shakespeare's lost four children.) In a sense William Shakespeare's greatest achievement in life wasn't writing Hamlet or the sonnets but just surviving his first year."


-Bill Bryson
Shakespeare: The World As Stage
New York, 2007.



Bill Bryson on William Shakespeare— simply delightful! Bryson dispells some myths and diligently distinguishes between the little that is truly known about Shakespeare's life and that which has become commonly accepted (much of which is unproven and unprovable). As to the book—there are far worse ways to spend time!


 
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"Branding is what you do to cows. Branding is what you do when there's nothing original about your product."

-Roy O. Disney

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"There is no other way of guarding oneself against flattery than by letting men understand that they will not offend you by speaking the truth; but when everyone can tell you the truth, you lose their respect."

-Niccolò Machiavelli
The Prince, 1532.


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"Whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past; for human events ever resemble those of preceding times. This arises from the fact that they are produced by men who ever have been, and ever shall be, animated by the same passions, and thus they necessarily have the same results."

-Niccolò Machiavelli
The Prince, 1532.


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"Pretty girls tend to become insufferable because, being pretty, their faults are too much tolerated."

-Bill James

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"Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen nineteen and six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds, ought and six, result misery."

-Charles Dickens
David Copperfield


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"The most sniveling, poltroonish, ignominious mob of serfs and goose-steppers ever gathered under one flag in Christendom since the end of the Middle Ages."

-H. L. Mencken (on the American people)

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"The difficult we do easily; the impossible takes a little longer."

-World War II motto of the Navy's Seabees

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"Puritanism- The haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy."

-H. L. Mencken

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"He has no enemies, but his friends dislike him intensely."

-Oscar Wilde

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"I wouldn't be a member of a club that would have me as a member."

-Groucho Marx

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"Conscience is the inner voice which warns us that someone may be looking."

-H. L. Mencken

_____________

"If x is the population of the United States and y is the degree of imbecility of the average American, then democracy is the theory that x X y is less than y."

-H. L. Mencken

_____________

"Only the dead have seen the end of war."

-Plato

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"It would take a brave man to be a coward in the Red Army."

-Josef Stalin

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"So he had grown rich at last, and thought to transmit to his only son all the cut-and-dried experience which he himself had purchased at the cost of his lost illusions; a noble last illusion of age."

-Honoré de Balzac

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"The only place you'll find free cheese is in a mousetrap."

-Russian proverb

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"Those who tell the truth should have one foot in the stirrup."

-Armenian proverb

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"Kiss the hand you cannot bite."

-Arab proverb

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"The truth is something that is somehow discreditable to someone."

-H. L. Mencken

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"Hypocrisy is the lubricant of social intercourse."

-Author known ( but, in respect of his privacy, undisclosed)

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"Cynic, n. A blackguard whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be. Hence the custom among the Scythians of plucking out a cynic's eyes to improve his vision."

-Ambrose Bierce
The Devil's Dictionary


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"What fresh hell is this?"

-Dorothy Parker

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"If all the girls who attended the Yale prom were laid end to end, I wouldn't be a bit surprised."

-Dorothy Parker

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"Brevity is the soul of lingerie."

-Dorothy Parker

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"All successful newspapers are ceaselessly querulous and bellicose. They never defend anyone or anything if they can help it; if the job is forced on them, they tackle it by denouncing someone or something else."

-H. L. Mencken

_____________

"Can't we all just get along?"

-Rodney King

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"Faith may be defined briefly as an illogical belief in the occurrence of the improbable."

-H. L. Mencken

_____________

"Do not handicap your children by making their lives easy."

-Robert A. Heinlein

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"Political tags — such as royalist, communist, democrat, populist, fascist, liberal, conservative, and so forth — are never basic criteria. The human race divides politically into those who want people to be controlled and those who have no such desire. The former are idealists acting from highest motives for the greatest good of the greatest number. The latter are surly curmudgeons, suspicious and lacking in altruism. But they are more comfortable neighbors than the other sort."

-Robert A. Heinlein

______________

"Never try to teach a pig to sing- it wastes your time and annoys the pig."

-Robert A. Heinlein

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"Beware of strong drink. It can make you shoot at tax collectors.............................................

.......and miss."

-Robert A. Heinlein

_____________

"If you are afraid to die, you are probably afraid to live."

-Rocky Aoki

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"War is God's way of teaching geography to Americans."

-Ambrose Beirce

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"The articles are what we use to fill the space between the advertisements."

-Rupert Murdoch
(I don't mean to pick on dear old Rupert. Unfortunately, with this quote, he very nicely summarized the truth about the print, broadcast, and Internet media. Make no mistake about it- it is the truth- it's just that no one else has put it quite so baldly as Rupert. I won't hold my breath waiting for a member of the Ochs-Sulzburger-Graham-Bancroft-et al-families to say something similar.)

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"It takes a hero to be a merely decent human being."

-May Sarton

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"Never marry anyone with less money or more problems."

-Author not known

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"The only thing that can ruin a nice day is people."

-Ernest Hemingway

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"A pioneer is a guy on a wagon with an arrow in his back."

-Author not known

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“And yet, Paul Isaac observed, investing isn’t a bimodal endeavor. ' One cannot be prudently all bullish or all bearish unless one is all-clairvoyant.' ”

-Paul Isaac

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"Every election is a sort of advance auction sale of stolen goods."

-H. L. Mencken

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"Presumably, the Doctor concluded sardonically, people realize in heaven that it's a devilish sight harder, on earth, to do a brave thing at forty-five than at twenty-five."

-Edith Wharton
Old New York


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"Take calculated risks. That is quite different from being rash."

-George S. Patton, Jr., taken from a letter to his son, Cadet George S. Patton, IV. June 6, 1944.


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"Familiarity with danger makes a brave man braver, but less daring."

-Herman Melville
White Jacket


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"Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear— not an absence of fear. Except a creature be part coward it is not a compliment to say it is brave; it is merely a loose misapplication of the word."

-Samuel L. Clemens ( "Mark Twain" )
The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson And the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins
Hartford, Connecticut. 1894.


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"In the space of one hundred and seventy-six years the Lower Mississippi has shortened itself two hundred and forty-two miles. That is an average of a trifle over one mile and a third per year. Therefore, any calm person, who is not blind or idiotic, can see that in the Old Oolitic Silurian Period, just a million years ago next November, the Lower Mississippi River was upwards of one million three hundred thousand miles long, and stuck out over the Gulf of Mexico like a fishing-rod.

And by the same token any person can see that seven hundred and forty-two years from now the Lower Mississippi will be only a mile and three-quarters long, and Cairo and New Orleans will have joined their streets together, and be plodding comfortably along under a single mayor and a mutual board of aldermen. There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a trifling investment of fact."

-Samuel L. Clemens ( "Mark Twain" )
Life On The Mississippi
Boston, Massachusetts. 1883.


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"Always do right- this will gratify some people and astonish the rest."

-Samuel Langhorne Clemens
"Mark Twain"


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"Of all the classes of men, I dislike the most those who make their livings by talking— actors, clergymen, politicians, pedagogues, and so on. All of them participate in the shallow false pretenses of the actor who is their archetype. It is almost impossible to imagine a talker who sticks to the facts. Carried away by the sound of his own voice and the applause of the groundlings, he makes inevitably the jump from logic to mere rhetoric. His success is judged by the favor of his inferiors, or at all events of persons supposed to be his inferiors, and for that sort of thing I have no taste. If he is intelligent at all, which happens occasionally, he must be well aware that this favor is irrational and almost certainly transient. He is admired for his worst qualities, and he cannot count upon being admired for long. A good part of my time, in my earlier days, was spent listening to speeches of one sort or another, and to watching their makers glow under the ensuing clapper- clawing. I was always sorry for such men, for I soon observed that the applause of today was almost invariably followed by the indifference of tomorrow.''

-H. L. Mencken

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"The public... demands certainties... But there are no certainties."

-H. L. Mencken
Prejudices: First Series
New York, N.Y. 1919.


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"There are some people who read too much: the bibliobibuli. I know some who are constantly drunk on books, as other men are drunk on whiskey or religion. They wander through this most diverting and stimulating of worlds in a haze, seeing nothing and hearing nothing."

-H. L. Mencken
Minority Report: H. L. Mencken's Notebooks
New York, N.Y. 1956.


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"The iconoclast proves enough when he proves by his blasphemy that this or that idol is defectively convincing— that at least one visitor to the shrine is left full of doubts. The liberation of the human mind has been best furthered by gay fellows who heaved dead cats into sanctuaries and then went roistering down the highways of the world, proving to all men that doubt, after all, was safe— that the god in the sanctuary was a fraud. One horse-laugh is worth ten thousand syllogisms. It is not only more effective; it is also vastly more intelligent."

-H. L. Mencken
Prejudices, Fourth Series
New York, N.Y. 1924.


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"Faith is the great cop-out, the great excuse to evade the need to think and evaluate evidence. Faith is belief in spite of, even perhaps because of, the lack of evidence."

-Richard Dawkins

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"We have moved from a society in which 'there are some things that one simply does not do,' to one in which 'if everyone else is doing it, I can do it too.' I’ve described this change as a shift from moral absolutism to moral relativism. Business ethics, it seems to me, has been a major casualty of that shift in our traditional societal values. You will hardly be surprised to learn that I do not regard that change as progress.

The Fiduciary Principle: "No Man Can Serve Two Masters"

-John C. Bogle, Founder and former chief executive
The Vanguard Group
Columbia University School of Business
New York City, NY
April 1, 2009


_____________

"He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense."

-John McCarthy
The Sustainability of Human Progress, 2005.
www.formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/


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"The wonder then is not that courage, magnanimity, altruism, mercy, and the rest are rare; it is that here in the reptile house they occur at all."

-John Barth
Tidewater Tales
"The Parable of the Python and the Chickens"
New York, N.Y. 1987.
p. 144


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"Since he could not trust them (he found that out too late, as good natured men do) ..."

-Robert Hughes
The Fatal Shore
New York, N.Y. 1987.
p. 521


_____________

"If we all worked on the assumption that what is accepted as true is really true, there would be little hope of advance."

-Orville Wright


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"Rose Gorelick Blumkin came to Omaha from the tiny village of Shchedrin, in the region of Minsk. Born in 1893, she and her seven brothers slept on straw on the bare floor of a two-room log house because her rabbi father couldn't afford to buy them a mattress.

'I dreamed all my life, since I was six years old,' she said. 'The first dream of mine was to go to America.'

'In Russia, they used to have pogroms against the Jews. They'd cut up the pregnant women and take out their kids. They'd tear up the fathers and then have a dance in the main market. I was six years old when I found out about that. I said, I'm going to America when I grow up.'

At thirteen, Rose walked barefoot for eighteen miles to the nearest train station to save the leather soles of her brand-new shoes. She had the equivalent of four cents in her pocket and hid under a train seat for three hundred miles to save her money, until she reached the closest town, Gomel. There she knocked on twenty-six doors until the owner of a dry-goods store responded to her proposition. 'I'm not a beggar,' the four-foot-ten-inch girl said. 'I've got four cents in my pocket. Let me sleep in your house and I'll show you how good I am.' The next morning, 'When I came to work I waited on a customer. I rolled out the material and I added it up before anybody picked up a pencil. And at twelve o'clock he asked me if I was going to stay.'

By age sixteen, she was a manager, supervising six married men. 'Don't worry about the men, Mamma!' she wrote her mother. 'They all mind me!' Four years later she married Isadore Blumkin, a shoe salesman in Gomel. That same year, World War I broke out, vigilantes ran amok in Russia, and Rose made up her mind. They had money for only one passage to America, so she sent her husband and started saving to go herself. Two years later, the czarist monk Rasputin was killed by revolutionaries in December 1916. Fearing the chaos that would ensue even more than the cruelties of the czarist regime, Rose began her journey to America two weeks later, boarding the Trans-Siberian Railway on a train headed for China.

For seven days she rode the train until, at the border town of Zabaykai'sk, a Russian guard stopped her before she could enter China. She told the man she was buying leather for the army and promised him a bottle of slivovitz on her return. Either naive or lenient, he let her through the border. She rode through Harbin, Manchuria, to Tientsin, China, on another train. By then Rose had journeyed over nine thousand miles across almost the entire continent of Asia. From Tientsin she used her small stock of money to take a boat to Japan, with stops at Hiroshima and Kobe along the way, until she finally arrived in Yokohama. There she waited for another two weeks until finding the Ava Maru, a cargo boat carrying peanuts that gave her steerage passage to the United States. As the Ava Maru crossed the Pacific for six leisurely weeks on its way to Seattle, 'I never saw so many peanuts,' she said later. 'I thought I'd never get here.' She had carried black bread on board but was too sick for most of the journey to eat.

Landing in Seattle on the Jewish holiday Purim after almost three months of travel with a face swollen from illness, Rose was met at the dock by the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, fed a kosher dinner, and given a hotel room. 'When I came to this country,' she said, 'I thought I am the luckiest one in the whole world.' The HIAS put a tag around her neck with her name and 'Ft. Dodge, Iowa,' where her husband had settled and was working as a junk peddler. They sent her on a train through Minneapolis to Fort Dodge, where the American Red Cross met her and reunited her with Isadore. Rose got pregnant right away and gave birth to a daughter, Frances. She didn't know a word of English.

Two years later, she still spoke hardly any English. Feeling isolated, the Blumkins decided they had to live in a place where Rose could converse in Russian and Yiddish, so they moved to Omaha, a town filled with 32,000 immigrants drawn by the railroads and packinghouses.

Isadore rented a pawnshop. 'You never hear of a pawnshop going broke,' he said. Rose stayed home and had three more children, Louis, Cynthia, and Sylvia. Sending fifty dollars at a time back to Russia, she brought ten of her relatives to America. Unlike her husband, she still didn't speak much English. 'I was too dumb,' she said. 'They couldn't drill it in me with a nail. The kids teached me. When my Frances started kindergarten, she says, 'I'll show you what an apple is, what a tablecloth, what a knife.' But the store struggled and the family almost did go broke during the Depression. Then Rose took charge. I know what to do, undersell the big shots, she told her husband. 'You buy an item for three dollars and sell it for $3.30. Ten percent over cost!' When the old-fashioned suits they carried weren't selling, Rose handed out ten thousand circulars all over Omaha, saying their store would outfit a man for five dollars from head to toe— underwear, suit, tie, shoes, and straw hat. They took in $800 in a single day, more than they had made the entire year before. The store branched into jewelry, used fur coats, and furniture. Then Rose drove the department stores crazy when she started underselling them on new fur coats on consignment. But she had a philosophy: it's better to have them hate you than to feel sorry for you.'

Soon customers started asking her for more furniture. At first she accompanied them to wholesalers and bought for them at ten percent over her cost. She noticed that, unlike pawnbroking, selling furniture was a 'happy business,' so in 1937 she borrowed $500 from a brother to open a store called Blumkin's in a basement near her husband's pawnshop. But the furniture wholesalers didn't want her as a customer, because their dealers complained that she was underselling them. So Rose went to Chicago, found one sympathetic man, and ordered $2,000 worth of merchandise from him on thirty days' credit. The time came due and she was short, so she sold her own home furnishings cheap to pay off the debt. 'When my kids came home, they cried like somebody will die,' she recalled. 'Why I took away the beds and the refrigerator? The whole house, an empty house? I told them, they were so nice to me I can't stand it not to keep my promise.' That night she took a couple of mattresses from the store for the family to sleep on. 'The next day I brought in a refrigerator and stove,' she said, 'and the kids quit crying.'

In school the other children picked on her son, Louie, for having a pawnbroker as a father. He found it painful but ignored their taunts, worked in the store after school, remained a good student, and became an all-American diver at Tech High while delivering sofas until midnight. His mother by now had established the Nebraska Furniture Mart and moved to larger quarters. In a side business, she sold and rented out Browning automatic shotguns during hunting season. Louie's favorite job was testing the guns by firing them into cinder blocks in the family's basement.

By the time the United States entered World War II in 1941, Louie had enrolled at the University of Nebraska, but he dropped out to enlist in the service after only a few semesters, still just a teenager. During the war, he and his mother wrote every day. His mother was discouraged, and he urged her not to quit. Because the big wholesalers refused to sell to Nebraska Furniture Mart, Rose had become a furniture 'bootlegger,' traveling on trains all over the Midwest to buy overstock merchandise at five percent over wholesale from stores like Macy's and Marshall Field's. 'They could see she knew what she was doing,' says Louie. 'They were fond of her and would say, here's this dining room set that just came in. It wasn't easy or cheap, but she got it.' Rose said, 'The more [the wholesalers] boycotted me, the harder I worked.' You don't own the country, the country belongs to everyone, was her attitude. She developed a lasting hatred of big shots. 'When you're down they spit on you,' she said. 'When you start making some dollars they start paying attention. Phooey. Who needs them? Give me the middle class and I'll be happy.' Her slogan was "Sell cheap and tell the truth, don't cheat nobody, and don't take no kickbacks.' When she made a sale, she also told the employees, 'Deliver it before they change their minds!'

Louie won a Purple Heart at the Battle of the Bulge. After the war, he came straight home to Omaha in 1946 and went back to work. He learned everything about merchandising: buying, pricing, inventories, accounting, delivery, display. To Rose, nobody was as good as Louie. Ruthless with her employees, she screamed at them at the top of her lungs; 'You worthless golem! You dummy!' But after his mother fired them, Louie would hire them back.

Four years later the store was prospering, but then the Korean War began, and sales started to sink. Rose decided to give the business a boost by adding carpet to her line. She went to Marshall Field's in Chicago and told them she was buying carpet for $3.00 a yard. She retailed it for $3.95, half the standard price, although the fact that she had lied to Marshall Field's seemed to bother her for years afterward.

Rose had managed to launch a successful carpet business by giving her customers a better price than the other carpet dealers. But carpet maker Mohawk filed a lawsuit to enforce their minimum-pricing policies— under which manufacturers required all their retailers to charge a minimum price— and sent three lawyers to court. Rose showed up alone. 'I say to the judge: I don't have any money for a lawyer because nobody would sell to me. Judge, I sell everything ten percent above cost, what's wrong? I don't rob my customers.' The trial lasted only an hour before the judge threw the case out. The next day, he went out to the Nebraska Furniture Mart and bought $1,400 worth of carpet.

...By the early 1980s, Rose and Louie Blumkin had built the largest furniture store in North America. Its three acres sold over $100 million of furniture a year under one roof, ten times the volume of stores of similar size. From then on, sales grew every single year, in good economies or bad, whether Omaha grew or shrank."


-Alice Schroeder
The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life.
New York, 2008.



A book that illuminates the actual human being behind a person previously known to most of the world as the supreme rationalist-calculating machine: Warren Edward Buffett. Those who think of him as equivalent to "The Marble Man" ( a nickname given to Robert E. Lee by some of his peers for his apparent perfect character ) will be surprised. Here is a brilliant, deeply complex and driven man, here are the forces that shaped his character and enabled his unparalled success as both investor and teacher and here is the story of his career. Some episodes are well-known and already accorded legendary status by investors, others are detailed for the first time. It is the first biography written with Buffett's cooperation.

Buffett's request of the book's author: "Whenever my version is different from somebody else's, Alice, use the less flattering version."

 


Those who refuse to take the long view do nothing but shoot themselves in the foot.

"If you don't know who you are, the stock market is an expensive place to find out."
-"Adam Smith" ( nom de plume of George Gilder )



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Most people think the winter and summer solstices are symmetrical (i.e., the days shorten and lengthen because the times of sunrise and sunset change at identical rates). However, that's not the way it works. By 9 December, sunset has already started to come later and later in the day. Conversely, sunrise keeps getting later and later all the way until 4 January and doesn't start getting earlier until 10 January:

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