The political spectrum does not run from libertarian on the left to authoritarian on the right, nor vice-versa; it runs from egalitarian on the left to hierarchical on the right.
At its most basic, the political spectrum consists of a continuum from left to right, with varying shades of opinion in between. Usually, there are five political positions described in the one dimensional model: far-left, left-wing, centre, right-wing, and far-right, with the occasional inclusion of "centre-left" and "centre-right" groups.
A common way of characterizing the left-right spectrum is that the left tends to support equality while the right tends to support hierarchy, be it politically, socially or economically. Another common association is that the left tends to progress beyond the current status quo, while the right tends to preserve it. Historically, the origins of these associations came from the French Revolution, where those in the National Assembly who upheld the revolutionary and egalitarian ideals sat on the left and those who supported the monarchy and the nobility sat on the right.[1]
One way to place the ideologies in the political spectrum are as follows:
Anarchism — Communism — Socialism — Social Liberalism — Centrism — Classical Liberalism — Conservatism — Monarchism — Fascism
Typically, leftist ideologies will be more critical of unregulated capitalism and its perceived issues regarding inequality and exploitation, seeking to heavily regulate it or abolish it altogether. Culturally, they tend to support various civil rights movements and measures to end social inequality and discrimination.[2] The right, meanwhile, tends to view capitalism and traditional cultural roles and notions more positively, believing them to be natural, inevitable, or even beneficial.[3]