Lauren Hynde
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- Apr 11, 2002
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It's what I've been trying to tell everyone since I got here!perks said:also if you're of the shakespearean bent, you can add a smaller syllable at the end of the ta-DUHs. As in
ta-DUH, ta-DUH, ta-DUH, ta-DUH, ta-DUH-ta
It doesn't have anything to do with Shakespear, though. It's the only way to do it in romance languages, and the proper way to count the metric syllables.
Originally posted by Lauren Hynde - 05-11-2002 -
I'm not going to teach you how to count the syllables in a word. You all know that, and if you don't, any good dictionary will help you with that. There are a set of grammatical rules that determine without a doubt the syllabic dividing of any word, that include diphthong analysis and consecutive vowels in hiatus. There is a difference, however, between the grammatical measurement of words, and the metric measurement of words.
The latter can only be done in the context of a verse, for it refers to the syllables as they are perceived by the listener, i.e. subject to various types of contractions and distensions, expressed graphically (they're, don't) OR NOT.
The most important devices that can be used in order to attain metric regularity are:
Synaeresis: (from Latin synaeresis, Greek sunaíresis, a taking together) The collapsing of two syllables into one: in verse, thou see-est becoming thou seest (pronounced like 'thou ceased') and The Almighty becoming Th'Almighty. This occurs when the first syllable ends and the second begins with a vowel. It is common in everyday usage, as when the last syllables of familiar ('fa-mí-li-ar') are merged in 'famílyer'. In some words, the merger becomes fixed: for example, although in the past righteous had three syllables ('ry-te-ous'), there can now only be two ('ry-chous'). In some kinds of English, a stressed diphthong merges with a following schwa: for example, in varieties of RP sometimes regarded as affected, where flower pot sounds like 'flah pot' and lawn-mower like 'lawn-myrrh'.
and
Diaeresis: (through Latin from Greek diaíresis, division]. Less common, it's the exact opposite of Synaeresis: The forced separation of two consecutive vowels that would otherwise form a diphthong or other type of breaking a determined syllable. For example, the use of the word righteous, intending it to be read as it was in the past, not with two syllables, but three ('ry-te-ous'). This device also comprehends the forcing of a vowel that might otherwise be silent to be sounded (as it naturally occurs in Brontë) or that the second vowel of a pair is to be sounded separately (as in naive).
There are other devices that can and often are used to artificially reduce or increase the number of metric syllables of a word, like Crasis (the combination of the vowels of two syllables, esp. at the end of one word and beginning of the next, into one long vowel or diphthong), Apheresis and Apocope, but there's no need to get into them, I think...
Additionally to these devices there is one absolutely fundamental rule in metric syllabic count: in any given verse, and for metric purposes only, you shouldn't ever consider any syllable after the last stressed syllable of the final word, i.e. if you have a 11-syllable verse ending with the word foundation, you drop tion from the count and it stands as a decasyllable.
The reason why this isn't found much in English poetry, is because it's because if you use words with a weak syllable in the end of a rhyming verse, both the strong and the weak syllables will have to rhyme*, and the English language isn't very rich. Those rhymes aren't too frequent.
* e.g.: Symbolic doesn't rhyme with Republic.